Therapeutic Modalities: How Are They Related To Each Other

Front 1

Occurs when the wave does not proceed to the next tissue density layer.

Back 1

Reflection

Front 2

Bending of energy waves due to change in the speed of a wave as it enters a medium (tissue) of different density.

Back 2

Refraction

Front 3

Occurs through a medium collecting the wave and changing it into kinetic energy within the cell and then possibly into heat.

Back 3

Absorption

Front 4

Energy not absorbed or reflected must pass to the next layer of tissue.

Back 4

Transfer

Front 5

No reactions or changes can occur in the body’s tissue if the amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate the absorbing tissue.

Back 5

Arndt-Schultz Principle

Front 6

An inverse relationship exists between energy absorption by a tissue and energy penetration to deeper layers of tissue.

Back 6

Law of Grothus-Draper

Front 7

As the angle of the energy striking tissue deviates away from a 90° angle, the effective energy varies with the cosine of the angle.

Back 7

Cosine Law

Front 8

Intensity of radiant energy striking a particular surface varies inversely with the square of the distance from the radiating source.

Back 8

Inverse Square Law

Front 9

The distance between adjacent peaks in a series of periodic waves

Back 9

Wavelength

Front 10

Relationship between wavelength and frequency

Back 10

Velocity

Front 11

Infrared light occurs opposite red visible light which is the _____ _____ color.

Back 11

Least refracted

Front 12

Visible light produces how many colors.

Back 12

Seven

Front 13

The radiation we use with therapeutic modalities fall on what end of the EMS.

Back 13

Non-Ionizing radiation

Front 14

Identify 3 characteristics of electromagnetic radiation.

Back 14

1. Produced when sufficiently intense electrical or chemical forces are applied to any material;

2. Travels readily through space (in a vacuum) at an equal velocity (Speed of Light or 300 millions m/s);

3. Direction of travel (space) is always in a straight line, altering only when coming in contact with another surface;

4.Does not have a mass and is composed of pure energy.

5. Energy is reflected, refracted, absorbed, or transmitted, depending on the medium they strike.

Front 15

Longer the _____the > the depth of penetration of the energy applied to a tissue.

Back 15

Wavelength

Front 16

Radiant energy in the EM spectrum possessing a long wavelength must have a _______ frequency.

Back 16

Shorter or smaller

Front 17

A property of a wave that describes how many wave patterns or cycles pass by in a period of time.

Back 17

Frequency

Front 18

A temperature gradient is required to initiate a process where kinetic energy is exchanged between a collision of molecules between two surfaces.

Back 18

Conduction

Front 19

Adding motion to a liquid or gas, such as circulating air or water, increases the substances ability to transport heat

Back 19

Convection

Front 20

Transfer of energy without the use of a medium.

Back 20

Radiation

Front 21

Energy that is changed to another form to a have thermal effect on the body.

Back 21

Conversion

Front 22

Vapocoolant spray

Back 22

Evaporation

Front 23

These physical agents use this method of heat transfer: Ice Immersion, Cryo-cuff, Paraffin bath

Back 23

Conduction

Front 24

An infrared lamp uses this method of heat transfer.

Back 24

Radiation

Front 25

In theory, decreasing a temperature gradient would require a clinician to do what to ensure adequate total heat transfer.

Back 25

Increase the treatment time. decrease treatment area or distance separating the thermal gradient

Front 26

The movement of energy from a less dense layer to a more dense layer ______ the speed of the energy.

Back 26

Decreases

Front 27

Tissue with the lowest heat exchange rate.

Back 27

Adipose

Front 28

The movement of energy from a dense layer to a less dense layer ______ the speed of the energy.

Back 28

Increases

Front 29

Identify the Law governing this example:

When using E-stim to create a muscular contraction, to achieve a depolarization of the tissue, the intensity of the current (energy) must be sufficient to facilitate a nerve depolarization.

Back 29

Arndt-Schultz Principle

Front 30

Identify the Law governing this example:

The greater the energy absorbed the less that is transmitted to the next layer.

Back 30

Law of Grothus-Draper

Front 31

E =Es / D squared

Back 31

Inverse Square Law

Front 32

Important for diathermy, infrared lamp, and even ultrasound which should be kept at a right angle to minimizes the amount of reflected energy.

Back 32

Cosine Law

Front 33

Clinical wavelength ranges from 1-15,000 km and clinical frequency ranges from 1-4000 Hz.

Back 33

Electrical stimulation

Front 34

Radiant energy may be produced when a sufficiently intense _____ or _____ force is applied to any object.

Back 34

Chemical or electrical

Front 35

This physical agent may transfer energy via conduction and radiation.

Back 35

Moist hot packs

Front 36

Radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum possessing a smaller or shorter wavelength must have a _______ frequency.

Back 36

Longer or larger

Front 37

Frequency is measured in _____.

Back 37

Hertz

Front 38

In theory, increasing the distance separating two temperature gradients (physical agent and target tissue) a temperature gradient would require a clinician to do what to ensure adequate total heat transfer.

Back 38

Increase the treatment time, decrease treatment area or increase temperature gradient