Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
balance, cardio pulmonary fitness, coordination, flexibility, mobility, muscle performance, neuromuscular control, postural control/ equilibrium, stability |
what are the different aspects of physical function? |
|
|
ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body within available base of support |
what is balance? |
|
|
able to perform total body movements ex: jogging, walking |
what is cardiopulmonary fitness? |
|
|
is the basis of smooth, accurate, efficient movement and occurs at a conscious or automatic level |
what is coordination? |
|
|
ability to move freely, without restriction used interchangebly with mobility |
what is flexibility? |
|
|
ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurence of ROM for functional activities
|
what is mobility? |
|
|
capacity of muscle to produce tension to do physical work |
what is muscle performance? |
|
|
interaction of sensory and motor systems to respond to kinesthetic information |
what is neuromuscular control? |
|
|
used interchangebly with static or dynamic balance |
what is postural control/ equilibrium? |
|
|
ability of neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold proximal or distal body segments in a stationary position |
what is stabilty? |
|
|
the Nagi model is based off the term disablement , which refers to the impact and functional consequence of acute or chronic conditions, such as disease or injury which comprimise a persons ability to do customary or societal functions |
what is the disablement model? |
|
|
physiological, anatomical,and psychological functions and structures of the body are a reflection of a persons health status
ex:musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular/ pulmonary, integumentary |
what is the impairment part of the NAGI model? |
|
|
reduced ability of a person to perform actions or components of motor tasks in an efficient manner
ex: physical. psychological, social |
what are the functional limitations of the NAGI model? |
|
|
the individual functioning in the context of the environment , such as personal care, and more complex daily living skills as well as societal functioning |
what is the disability part of the NAGI model? |
|
|
-comprehensive examination (PT) -evaluation of data collected (PTA) -determination of a diagnosis based on impairments , functional limitations, and disability (PT) -establishment of a prognosis and a plan of care based on patient-oriented goals (PT) -implementation of appropriate interventions (PTA) |
what is the Patient Care Model and how is it used? |
|
|
exam, eval, dx, prognosis/ POC, intervention, outcome |
what are the steps to the patient care model? |
|
|
anticipated goals and expected outcomes have been attained |
what is discharge form PT? |
|
|
occurs prior to achievement of goals- can be due to status change , pt request , non compliance , unjustified services, per third party payers |
what is discontinuation of PT? |
|
|
ability to function at work , home , community and are important to the pt, family, care givers , employer, etc (therapists goals vs pts goals) |
what is a meaningful outcome? |
|
|
efficient and cost effective (quality) |
what is a practical outcome ? |
|
|
improvements that are maintained over time of discharge . alls goals must be measurable or quantifiable |
what are sustainable outcomes ? |
|
|
discrete, serial, and continous |
what are the different types of motor tasks? |
|
|
simply, non variable tasks. lifting or lowering a weight, grasping objects, etc.
has a recognizable beginning and end |
what is a discrete task ?
|
|
|
a series of discrete tasks
ex: eating a steak- grasping, piercing, cutting, lifting, chewing |
what is a series task? |
|
|
no distinct beginning or end- running, walking, cycling |
what is a continous task? |
|
|
coginitive , associative, autonomous |
what are the stages of motor learning? |
|
|
break down tasks, think about steps to take. |
what is the cognitive stage? |
|
|
person is able to self correct using old references
ex; figure timing |
what is the associative stage ? |
|
|
not thinking about what your doing because it is automatic
ex: driving |
what is the autonomous stage? |
|
|
-select a non distracting environment -initially teach exercises that replicate movement patterns or simple functional tasks -demonstrate proper performance of an exercise (safe vs. unsafe movements; correct vs. incorrect movements. then have pt model) -if appropriate or feasible, initially guide the pt through the movement -use clear concise verbal and written directions -compliment written instructions for a home exercise program with sketches of the exercise -have the pt demonstrate the exercise to you as you supervise and provide feedback -provide specific, action related feedback, rather than general , non descriptive feedback -teach an exercise program in small increments to allow time for a pt to practice and learn components of the progrm over several visits |
what are the proper steps in creating exercise instruction? |
|
|
adaptive shortening of the muscle - tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross or surround a jt that results in a limitation of ROM |
what are contractures? |
|
|
no muscle deformation or pathology present |
what is a myostatic contracture? |
|
|
due to hypertonicity from a traumatic brain injury |
what is a pseudomyostatic contracture? |
|
|
disruption within the jt itself or in periarticular structures. irregular jt formations |
what is a arthrogenic contracture? |
|
|
deep tissues changes
ex: prolonged immobilization, inflammation, or postures. May eventually increaase ROM but not likely to optimal tissue length. |
what is a fibrotic contracture? |
|
|
fibrotic changes that leave permanent loss extensilbility of soft tissue |
what is an irreversible contracture? |
|
|
ROM loss, restricted motion, muscle weakness, preventative for musculoskeletal injuries, to minimize post exercise soreness |
what are the indications for stretching contractures? |
|
|
bony block, non union fx or recent fx with incomplete bony block, acute inflammation, sahrp acute pain with PROM, hematoma, hypermobility, shortened tissues that provides stability when there is no neuromuscular control |
what are the contraindications for stretching a contracture? |
|
|
contract relax- hold relax, agonist contraction, hold relax with agonist contraction |
what are the different proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques (PNF)? |
|
|
take to end range, have perform isometric contraction of the range limiting muscle for 5 sec. relax, you take up the slack to new range and repeat |
what is the contract relax - hold relax PNF technique? |
|
|
have contract opposite muscle to the range limiting one , slowly for several seconds and then relax and take into new range |
what is the agonist contraction PNF technique? |
|
|
also called slow reversal hold. Take to end range , have contract range limiting muscles, then relax and use agonist to actively take them into new range |
what is the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF technique? |
|
|
muscle spindle and GTO |
what are the neurphysiologic properties of contractile tissue? |
|
|
reacts to changes in length and changes in the velocity of the change |
what is the muscle spindle? |
|
|
monitors tension at the musculotendinous junction |
what is the GTO? |
|
|
it is used to determine what is happening to connective tissue under stress loads |
what is the Stress- Strain curve? |
|
|
is force (or load) per unit area |
what is stress? |
|
|
is the internal reaction or resistance to an external load |
what is mechanical stress? |
|
|
is the amount of deformation or lengthening that occurs when a load (or stretch force) is applied |
what is strain? |
|
|
the range in which normal functional activity is applied |
what is the toe region? |
|
|
there is complete recovery , strain is porportional to the ability of tissue to resist the force |
what is the elastic region? |
|
|
the point beyond which the tissue does not return to its original shape and size |
what is the elastic limit? |
|
|
heat is released and absorbed in this tissue. tissue strained in this range has permanent deformation when the stress is released |
what is the Plastic Range? |
|
|
once this load is reached , there is increased strain without an increase in stretch required |
what is the ultimate strength? |
|
|
rupture of the integrity of the tissue |
what is failure? |
|
|
tissues with greater stiffness have a higher slope in the elastic region of the curve, and there is elastic deformation under stress |
what is structural stiffness? |
|
|
microfailure: rupture of a few fibers in the lower part of the plastic range |
what is a Grade 1 failure? |
|
|
macrofailure: rupture of a greater number of fibers resulting in partial tear further into the plastic range |
what is a Grade II failure? |
|
|
complete rupture/ failure |
what is a Grade III failure? |
|
|
constant stress load (force) over time (usually low load in the elastic range) allows gradual re arrangement of collagen bonds and redistribution of water to surrounding tissues -allows tissue to lengthen . complete recovery may occur but not as fast as after one brief stretch |
what is Creep and the effects on stretching? |
|
|
movement of segment within unrestricted ROM . produced by external force -can be person, gravity, machine |
what is PROM? |
|
|
-acute inflammation: 2-6 days -post surgery: healing , adhesions -paralysis -comatose -complete bed rest |
what are the indications for PROM? |
|
|
when healing process would be dirupted ex: fx. when pain is produced or increased |
what are the contraindications of PROM? |
|
|
maintain elasticity and contractility of muscle, provide/increase sensory feedback from contracting muscles, provide stimulus for bone /jt integrity, increase circulation to prevent thrombus, develop coordination and motor skills |
what is AROM? |
|
|
when one can actively move a segment , when weakness is present, when a segment is immobilized , to relieve stress from sustained postures |
what are the indications of AROM? |
|
|
whenever movement is prohibited; fx, acute tears,strains, sprains, surgery, anytime healing will be compromised. ROM should not be done when the pts response or condition is life threatening( ex: DVT) |
what are the contraindications for AROM? |
|
|
used to transition from PROM and AROM. patient is in control, begin to incorporate active muscle contractions , can aid in reducing pain, can aid in reducing edema |
what is AAROM? |
|
|
-peaks at 4-6 weeks -bone density decreases 40% after 12 weeks -increased osteoclastic activity -decreased rate of bone formation -weight bearing bones are the first to lose mass (first few days) -vertebral columns lose up to 50% -can lead to fx, even with minor trauma -(prevention)- weight bearing and muscle contractions |
what is osteoporosis and its actions? |
|
|
responsible for the strength and stiffness of tissue and resist tensile deformation |
what are collagen fibers? |
|
|
provide extensibility, show a great deal of elongation with small loads and fail abruptly without deformation at higher loads. tissues with greater amounts of elastin have greater flexibility |
what are elastin fibers? |
|
|
provide tissue with bulk |
what are reticulin fibers? |
|
|
made up of proteoglycans & glycoproteins.PGs function to hydrate the matrix, stabilize th collagen networks, and resist compressive forces. the glycoproteins provide linkage between cells and matrix components |
what is ground substance? |
