Theories Of Learning: Chapter 2

Front 1

Acquired drive

Back 1

An internal drive state produced when an environmental stimulus is paired with an unconditioned source of drive

Front 2

Anticipatory frustration response

Back 2

Stimuli associated with nonreward produce a frustration state, which motivates escape from the nonrewarding environment

Front 3

Anticipatory goal response

Back 3

Stimuli associated with reward produce a conditioned arousal response, which motivates an approach to the reward

Front 4

Behavior modification

Back 4

Techniques for changing behavior that rely on the use of Pavlovian conditioning or instrumental or operant conditioning principles

Front 5

Cathexis

Back 5

The idea that the ability of deprivation states to motivate behavior transfers to the stimuli present during the deprivation state

Front 6

Cognitive theories

Back 6

The view that learning involves a recognition of when events will occur and an understanding of how to influence those events

Front 7

Conditioned inhibition

Back 7

The permanent inhibition of a specific behavior as a result of the continued failure of that response to reduce the drive state. Alternatively, a stimulus (CS2) may develop the ability to suppress the response to another stimulus (CS1) when the CS1 is paired with a UCS and the CS2 is presented without UCS

Front 8

Contingency

Back 8

The specified relationship between a specific behavior and reinforcement

Front 9

Contiguity

Back 9

The temporal pairing of two events

Front 10

Drive

Back 10

An intense internal force that motivates behavior

Front 11

Equivalence belief principle

Back 11

The idea that the reaction to a secondary reward is the same as the original goal

Front 12

Habit hierarchy

Back 12

The varying level of associative strengths between a stimulus environment and the behaviors associated with that environment

Front 13

Habit strength

Back 13

The strength of the connection between a particular environmental stimulus at a specific response

Front 14

Incentive motivation

Back 14

The idea that the level of motivation is affected by magnitude of reward: the greater the reward magnitude, the higher the motivation to obtain that reward

Front 15

Operant response

Back 15

A behavior that controls the rate at which specific consequences occur

Front 16

Punishment

Back 16

A means of eliminating undesired behavior by using an aversive event that is contingent upon the occurrence of the inappropriate behavior

Front 17

Reactive inhibition

Back 17

The temporary suppression of behavior due to the persistence of a drive state after unsuccessful behavior

Front 18

Reinforcer

Back 18

An event (or termination of an event) that increases the frequency of the operant behavior that preceded it

Front 19

Reward

Back 19

An event that increases the occurrence of the instrumental behavior that precedes the event

Front 20

S-R associative theories

Back 20

The view that learning involves the association of a specific stimulus with a specific response