Theories Of Learning And Behavior Eppp

Front 1

Classical conditioning is also known as (3 other names)

Back 1

1. respondent (i.e. involuntary)
2. Pavlovian
3. Stimulus-response conditioning

Front 2

Who were the two pioneers of classical cond theory?

Back 2

1. Ivan Pavlov
2. John Watson

Front 3

The responses in classical cond are?

Back 3

automatic, paired, involuntary.

Front 4

What are reflexes?

Back 4

the name for the stimulus-response links in classical conditioning

Front 5

When no learning has taken place and the (US) and (UR) elecit an inborn or automatic response this is called?

Back 5

Unconditioned Reflex

Front 6

In classical cond, which two responses are the same?

Back 6

UR and the CR
(e.g salvation)

Front 7

Which is more in magnitude of the two? The CR or the UR?

Back 7

UR- the dogs will salivate more the the meat powder than they will to the tone (the CS).

Front 8

Verbally desc the classical conditioning pattern?

Back 8

US elicits UR.
US is paired with NS enough times then NS becomes CS and elicits CR.

Front 9

To decide if a stimulus is conditioned ask yourself?

Back 9

is it involuntary and universal?
If not than it is a CS.

Front 10

Define temporal sequence in classical cond?

Back 10

the sequence in which the US and NS are presented

Front 11

What makes a key difference in whether or not conditioning occurrs?

Back 11

Temperoal sequence

Front 12

Define contiguity as it relates to classical cond?

Back 12

the closeness in time

Front 13

Define contingency in classical cond?

Back 13

US must appear to depend on the CS. or NS signals the coming of the US

Front 14

Define delay conditioning/standard pairing?

Back 14

CS ie; the bell precedes, but overlaps with the presentation of the US ie., the meat.

Front 15

Name the five methods of classical conditioning?

Back 15

1. Delay conditioning/standard pairing
2. Trace
3. Temporal
4. Simultaneous
5. Backward

Front 16

Define trace conditioning?

Back 16

During trace conditioning the CS and US do not overlap. Instead, the CS is presented, a period of time is allowed to elapse during which no stimuli are presented, and then the US is presented. The stimulus free period is called the trace interval. It may also be called the conditioning interval.

Front 17

Temporal Conditioning?

Back 17

Time is the CS.. eliciting anticipation for being fed at noon (CR).. why we get hungry at lunch time!

Front 18

Simultaneous conditioning?

Back 18

NS or CS- (whatever you what to call it) and US overlap. Tone and meat powder at same time, but keep in mind no learning takes place!

Front 19

In which 2 methods of classical conditioning does no learning occurr? WHY?

Back 19

1.Simultaneous conditioning.
Bc the neutral stimulus never becomes CS and never elicits CR.
2. Backward conditioning
The tone (NS) will never elicit slivation.

Front 20

In which method of classical conditionig does contiguity occur, but has no contingency?

Back 20

Simultaneous

Front 21

What is needed for cond to occurr in classical cond?

Back 21

Contingency

Front 22

Backward Conditioning?

Back 22

US precedes the NS or CS (meat powder before tone)

Front 23

CC: true learing occurrs when the .....?

Back 23

CS comes before the US.

Front 24

Stimulus generalization/mediated generalization

Back 24

CS are generalized to other objects thart are similar.. without deliberate attempt of the experimenter.. (Lil albert)

Front 25

Higher order conditioning

Back 25

CS is paired with a NS that is unrelated until the new NS becomes conditioned too and elicits CR. Tone is repeatedly paired with a flash of light (NS) until CR. So according to academic review, this means the cs now fx as an US.. this is second order conditioning.. third-order ect..

Front 26

What is the difference between stimulus generalization v. higher order cond?

Back 26

Stimulus is automatic high order is deliberate.

Front 27

Classical extinction

Back 27

Repeatedly present the CS without the US. When the tone (CS) is presented without the meat (US) the dog stops CR.

Front 28

When does classical extinction not work?

Back 28

When the US is presented without the CS (loud noise without the rat).. bc CS never loses its signaling value.

Front 29

Spontaneous recovery

Back 29

Following an extinction trial, the CR and CS reappear..

Front 30

Simulus discrimination

Back 30

Discriminates between two versy smiliar neutral simtular bc 1 was paired with the US and the other was not.

Front 31

Experimental neurosis

Back 31

unusual behavior, seen as similar to human neurosis, that occurs when an organism is forced to undergo a difficult discrimination task.

Front 32

Pseudoconditioning

Back 32

a neutral stimulus that was not dliberately paired with either the unconditioned stimulus (US or the conditioned stimulus (CS) but elicits CR. Like the dog salivates when the light is turned on.

Front 33

Which type of classical conditioning occurrs accidentally?

Back 33

Pseudoconditioning

Front 34

What can two things can cause pseudoconditioning?

Back 34

inadvertent pairing or heightened arousal.

Front 35

Habituation

Back 35

the US no longer eliciest UR.

Front 36

Habituation involves what reflex and does not inovlve?

Back 36

1. US
2. CS

Front 37

What learning theory explains involuntary responses?

Back 37

Classical cond

Front 38

What learning theory explains voluntary responses?

Back 38

operant cond

Front 39

What is another name for skinnerian conditioning and instrumental cond?

Back 39

Operant

Front 40

Name twom major theorist of operant cond?

Back 40

Thorndike
BF skinner

Front 41

Related to a spontaneous recovery- there is this idea called a cue deflation effect. What is it?

Back 41

When the extinction of a response to an overshadowing or more salient CS, leads to an increased CR to a less salient CS this is referred to as a cue deflation effect.

Front 42

stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism is able to do what?

Back 42

distinguish between similar stimuli; i.e., when a stimulus very s.imilar to the conditioned stimulus (CS) does not elicit the conditioned response (CR).

Front 43

when pseudoconditioning has occurred, does the response happen outside of the learning situation?

Back 43

no it does not, the response does not occur outside of the learning situation, even if the conditioned stimulus (CS) is present.

Front 44

The conditioning model according to Pavlov:
bell-- presence of food-- salivation (name them)

Back 44

bell- CS
presence of food- US
salivation- UR
then after repeated association:
bell (CS)--- salivation (CR)

Front 45

the most effective CS-US time interval is generally considered what?

Back 45

0.5 seconds
however the optimal time interval really depends on what behavior is being conditioned.

Front 46

conditioned response is strongest and most rapidly acquired when a ...... procedure is used.

Back 46

delayed procedure

Front 47

the weakest and least effective way of conditioning is....

Back 47

backward conditioning

Front 48

Classical Conditioning use of the word "reinforcement"..define.

Back 48

CS (bell) as a signal is confirmed by being followed by the US (food). It does NOT mean that something may increase a voluntary behavior as it does in Operant conditioning.

Front 49

Spontaneous recovery does not mean that response has been forgotten, but instead we can infer that the response has been..

Back 49

inhibted or suppressed.

Front 50

Talk about what happens in the overshadowing effect.. think of strong personalities who overwhelm/overshadow more introverted personalities

Back 50

Overshadowing: wherein a more salient CS is more strongly conditioned than a less salient CS. This occurs in a situation where two simultaneous CSs of different salience are paired with an UCS.

Front 51

What happens when you try to extinct the responses that occurred during overshadowing, and the CS leads to an increased response (CR) to the less saliente (CS)?

Back 51

Cue deflation effect.

Front 52

Name the most famous experienmental demonstration of stimulus generaliation that has occurred?

Back 52

Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert"

Front 53

name a variation of stimulus generalization

Back 53

mediated stimulus generalization

Front 54

In mediated stimulus generalization what type of learning occurrs?

Back 54

a stimulus serves as a mediator or connecting link between two stimuli that themselves are NEVER paired.

Front 55

What is the converse (opposite) of stimulus generalization?

Back 55

stimulus discrimination

Front 56

Shipley gave light to the eye, and evoked the finger! this is whatt?

Back 56

mediated generalization

Front 57

Higher-order conditioning, pavlov was only successful at obtaining...

Back 57

2nd order conditioning, not any higher.

Front 58

when a the cs/ns (bell) is paried with US (meat) to elicit CR, what happens to the CS?
then when the cs is paired with a NS, the CS functions as what....?

Back 58

1.it no longer is a ns.
2. US and the NS as the CS.