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58 Cards in this Set
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constantine
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commitment to Christianity allows it to grow; calls council of Nicea; emperor; Edict of Milan (allowed religions); moved capital to Constantinople
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peter
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Bishop of Rome; bishop of Antioch first; Constantine built church on top of where he died
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paul
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died in Rome; one of first leaders in Christianity
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origen
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of Alexandria; not ever made a saint; controversial (castrated himself); wants to inspire people to keep hope; talks about Trinity; said God is ineffable, but then used words anyway
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augustine
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had a strong desire to succeed at all costs; good speaker; conversion in the garden; mind and heart always go together; called to ordination in Hippo; says human person must have grace; baptism is washing away of original sin; says Creed and Our Father are all we need; a lie is never justified
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gregory of Nazianzus
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talked about Trinity, emotions; God is immutable; Jesus was the mediator between God and people: salvation, redemption, God is still in relationship
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cappadocian fathers
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Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil of Cyseria, Gregory of Nyssa; built Christianity in the East
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pelagius
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says sin has no room for the grace of God; says that humans can be good on their own and there is no room for God in their lives
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donatus
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believed those who apostatized were not allowed back into the church unless they were rebaptized
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ambrose
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bishop of Milan; kept church from falling apart; could bring peace when no one else could
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athanasius
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wrote against Arius, God doesn’t lose anything with Jesus as his Son; Jesus has 2 natures; God is creator with the Son
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arius
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said Jesus was created and that there was a time before Son existed; heretical because would mean trinity is not united; heretical because would mean God changed; said Jesus was like God
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cyril of alexandria
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archbishop of Egypt; said there has to be a way for both God and humanity to exist at the same time in this one person (Jesus); the Logos took over the mind of Jesus
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nestorius
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patriarch of Constantinople; trying to come to understanding of Jesus as fully human and fully divine; disagreed with theotokos because it led to Jesus as human and divine; he thought Jesus was more human; heretical
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john crystostom
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“gold mouth;” used everyday language so people could understand; wealthy realized what he was saying about poor and were offended; says images are fuzzy representations of God; exiled by emperor’s wife because she was offended by his preachings
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apollinarius
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believed that the rational side of Jesus was replaced with the Logos
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antony
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the Desert: inherited money, gave it to the poor, moved to the desert, father of monasticism
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pachomius
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started ascetic movement; father of white martyrdom (give up possessions, no sexual relations, intense prayer)
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julian
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emperor; “ the apostate;” raised Christian, apostatized, persecuted Christians
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cyprian
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in North Africa (Carthage); says lapsed can return to the Church
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hippolytus
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gives us the roots of the liturgical expression; author of Apostolic Tradition
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antioch
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helps with development of early Christianity (but not as much as Rome)
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constantinople
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capital chosen by Constantine; formerly Byzantium
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rome
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and Paul died there; beginning of Apostolic spreading; head of Church here
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carthage
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where Augustine is for a while, but has to leave because there is too much corruption and temptation
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hippo
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where Augustine goes and is called to ordination because he is a good speaker and they are fighting the Donatists
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council of nicea
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325; to define systematic way of declaring faith; fought arianism; first ecumenical council
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council of constantinople
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381; specifies the ideas of Nicea (adds to Nicene Creed); specifies that Holy Spirit is God
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council of ephesus
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431; debated the unity of God and Jesus as one: divinity vs. humanity; not everything decided; declared Mary as theotokos (mother of God, meaning Jesus is God)
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council of chalcedon
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451; definitively says it is one person with two distinct natures in Christ
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ascetic movement
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response to change; no distinction between one’s culture and faith; began removing selves from community
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pelagianism
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don’t believe in original sin; don’t think Adam’s fall gave us sin now; Baptism isn’t necessary; humans can be perfect without God’s grace
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docetism
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believe that Jesus only appeared to be human, but that he was really only divine
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donatism
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that church is only saints; pure church; lapsed not allowed to return unless lots of penance and rebaptism; pure church just in north Africa; schism, not officially a heresy
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apollinarianism
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: idea that Jesus’ rational soul/mind was replaced with the Logos; because it would seem weird for God to make mistakes
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monophysitism
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one nature; idea that Jesus’ two natures fused into one
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manicheeism
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what Augustine was before Christian; good is trapped in matter; we must release it into divine good; procreation is bad (because it makes more matter); had hearers and elect; spirit is good, material is bad
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theotokos
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declaration that Mary is Mother of God; makes Jesus human and divine at the same time; declared at the council of Ephesus
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anathema
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condemnation that included excommunication; Cyril of Alexandria delivered 12 to Nestorius
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eucharist
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thanksgiving; primary event linked with Jesus sharing his body with His Apostles
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liturgy
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of the word, of the eucharist
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tome
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ancient book; Tome of Leo: in response to Cyril’s 12 anathemas, Pope Leo sent out the tome to try to explain Jesus’ 2 natures in 1 divine person
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ecumenical council
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universal council; churches coming together
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schism
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split in the church
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heresy
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belief/ teaching that goes against the teachings of the Church
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hypostasis
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unity of the trinity
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homoousios
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of the same substance
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homoiousios
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of a similar substance (arianism)
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martyr
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witness
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stylite
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Simeon; stand or sit on pole in the desert
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cenobite
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part of ascetic movement; different from hermit because not alone; monks in community for meals and prayer; Pachomius
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hermit
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leave town, go into the desert alone; Antony
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apostacy
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lapsed, burnt books, burnt incense
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gnosticism
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belief in salvation through knowledge; only a select group actually have the knowledge
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orthodoxy
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"right praise"
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doxology
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hymn of praise to God
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didache
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writing that was lost and has now been found; means "teaching"
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filoque
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“and the Son;” Holy Spirit from the Father “and the Son”
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