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66 Cards in this Set
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The view that human beings and their values are at the center of the universe
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anthropocentrism
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The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. The Roman Catholic Church is governed by a hierarchy with the pope at the top and, at the lower levels, bishops and priests. The sacraments of Communion and confession are especially important in the Roman Catholic Church; Catholics also differ from most Protestants in emphasizing the veneration of the saints, especially Mary, the mother of Jesus, and seeking the intercession of the saints. The Roman Catholic Church leadership strongly opposes abortion and artificial means of birth control.
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Catholicism
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A varied human response to transcendent reality or realities, the gods or God or Brahman
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Religion
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Incredible escape from slaveryin Egypt around 1250 BCE. It evolved from a religion of priests focused on the Temple to a religion of rabbis and synagogues, focused on the constant study and interpretation of the Torah. The Holocaust.
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Judaism
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The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah, sent by God. They believe that Jesus, by dying and rising from the dead, made up for the sin of Adam and thus redeemed the world, allowing all who believe in him to enter heaven. Rely on the Bible as the inspired word of God
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Christianity
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The power, being, or realm understood by religious persons to be at the core of existence and to have a transformative effect on their lives and destinies.
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Divine
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Magic power prevading all human beings, objects and animals. The Iroquios call this power ______, the Sioux used the word ________ to describe it.
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Orenda
Wakanda |
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Like Christianity and Islam, this religion can trace its origins to one person. Siddhartha Gautama, was born in what is now called today Nepal about 563 B.C.E. He felt that some kind of reform or revitalization was necessary. Realized the truth path was "The Middle Way".
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Buddhism
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The oldest and most loosely organized religion. A multicolored collection of diverse religious traditions, all of them tracing their origins back to the Indus Valley in northern India. The seeds were planted when Aryan invaders from Europe swept into northern India around 1500 B.C.E. A religion that has drawn much of its vitality and vision from having to adjust to other religions
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Hinduism
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The aim of unity among all Christian churches throughout the world
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Ecumenism
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Jesus as the one and only Savior and since he is to be found only in the church, everyone outside the church was going to have a rough time knowing God and making it to heaven.
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Exclusivism
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The basic ingredients of this model were formulated in the sixteenth century when the Council of Trent stated that people who had never heard of Jesus and been baptized could still be saved through a "baptism of desire" as long as they followed their consciences and lived moral lives.
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Inclusivism
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Youngest of religions, was born in Saudi Arabia, but now reaches west as far as Spain and in the East to the northern part of India. Muslim faith. Finds its roots in Christianity and is known as an Abrahamic religion. Has one single founder, Muhammad.
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Islam
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Something that takes the place of God or limits God, and no longer points beyond.
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Idolatry
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These theologians want to continue to affirm the uniqueness and distinctiveness of Jesus as the Savior for all persons, but they want to be open to the possibility that Jesus may not be the Savior for all persons.
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Pluralism
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The ideas, truths, the cognitive content that are integral to our commitments
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Belief
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The term originated "in America in the early 20th century to refer to evangelicals who fought fiercely for the "fundamentals" of Christianity. These Christians consider it their chief duty to combat secular culture and the modern trends in theology that emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century" (FRT, 323).
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Fundamentalism
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The twenty first Roman Catholic ecumenical council (1962-65) convened by Pope John XXIII. Its 16 documents redefined the nature of the church, gave bishops greater influence in church affairs, and increased lay participation in liturgy.
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Vatican II
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Infects ritual or cult. "Ritual is an expression of inner faith, _________ is pressing a divine button".
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Superstition
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Uses dialogue to fashion a new universal religion out of the best ingredients of present religions.
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Syncretism
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A Jewish house of worship, often having facilities for religious instruction
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Synagogue
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Philosophically, that which stands beyond the limits of human experience
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Transcedence
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A branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.
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Epistemology
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A danger that people, especially from Europe and the United States, have fallen into: they think they are being open to other religions, when actually they are imposing their own views and their own values on other religions.
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Imperialism
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A philosophical position that holds that since we can never be absolutely sure about truth, we can't really judge each other
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Relativism
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Theological movement emerging from the work of the philsophers Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) and Charles Hartshorne (b. 1897). It emphasizes "becoming" over "being" or "substance" and affirms divine participation in the evolving world process
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Process Theology
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The justification of a deity's justice and goodness in light of suffering and evil.
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Theodicy
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Searches sincerely for a deeper understanding, is open to new data and seriously open to other points of view
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Constructive Doubt
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Cynical and even rebellious, rejecting authority and having little respect for the beliefs in question
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Destructive Doubt
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Corruption of code. "It leads religious believers or their leaders to define religion as primarily a matter of obeying the law, the ethical-legal system the community has agreed upon".
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Legalism
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A term in process philosophy and theology for the view that God has two poles or aspects. One is God's abstract essence, which is absolute, eternal, and unchangeable. The other is God's concrete actuality, which is temporal, relative, dependent, and changing constantly.
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Dipolar Theism
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"When religion is turned into a tool to serve one's own benefit, or that of one's group, before all else...Religion is used as a means of manipulation".
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Ideology
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Results from sexism and androcentricism in society. It names a form of social organization in which dominant males rule and women are expected to be submissive and subordinate to them.
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Patriarchy
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The idea that essences or unchanging qualities are fundamental and indispensable properties of persons or objects and thus constitute their most basic core identity. Defining a person's nature according to a certain quality or essence.
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Essentialism
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A theory or theories that emphasize the role of nurture or socialization in the construction of women's identity. Our human nature is a social construct, gender roles by surrounding community.
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Constructivism
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A middle position in relation to views of women's nature held by essentialists and constructivists. ________ ___________ applaud the notion that nurture and socialization play a role in defining women's identities but are unable to give up universals or essences altogether. Seeks to define an understanding of human nature in a context of where gender roles are emerged.
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Strategic Essentialism
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A means of biblical criticism that studies texts according to their source origins, who wrote it.
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Source Criticism
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Building upon the work of source criticism, "[t]his tool is used to investigate why the preexisting sources were put together in this particular final form" (FRT, 341). Way text is written and revised, how it has been edited.
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Redaction Criticism
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Attempts "to identify the distinctive literary forms used in the Bible and to determine the function of each form in its social and cultural context" (FRT, 341). Literary genre and placement of verses in book.
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Form Criticism
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Dominant view from 5th century onwards and rest on two fundamental convictions: 1) War can be moral and can be an instrument of justice 2) The ends, however noble, do not justify the means. Three major components: jus ad bellum (the when to fight), jus in bello (the how to fight), jus post bellum (when to cease war)
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Just War Theory
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Consists of 4 different views:
1. Principled or Tactical/Strategic: can never be justified, causes more harm than good 2. Absolute or Classic: no forceful use (policemen) can be used and would be wrong 3. Separatist or Politically Engaged: Amish and Menanites 4. Communal or Universal: Matthew 5:9, 38-45; Romans 12:14-21 |
Pacifism
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Growing movement (began in 1994 with 23 scholars) composed mostly of just war theorists but some pacifists and they meet at SCE led by Glen H. Stassen. Designed to be adopted by proponents of both JWT and pacifism as a supplement to each
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Just Peacemaking
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Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918)- Sin is embedded in social and economic structures. Reinhold Niehbuhr (1892-1971) on the Human effort to "usurp the place of God". "The religious dimension of sin is man's rebellion against God, his effort to usurp the place of God. The moral dimension of sin is injustice. The ego which falsely makes itself the center of existence in its pride and will-to-power inevitably subordinates other life and this does injustice to other life".
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Social sin
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Shel Silverstein, The Giving Tree. Self-sacrificial love not the proper antidote to women's sin of _____ ________. Are women guilty of pride? Compared women's experience to sin of pride. Identified with Susan Nelson.
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Sin of Hiding
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Philology and _______ ________ can uncover the word-play in these stories. For example, the word-play between "human being" ("adam" in Hebrew) and "ground" ("adamah" in Hebrew) or between "man" ("ish" in Hebrew) and "woman" ("ishshah" in Hebrew). Historical and comparative _________ analysis can highlight both the similarities and dissimilarities between the biblical understanding of creation and that of other ancient peoples, for example the Babylonians.Style of writing.
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Literary criticism
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Debbie, a sophomore English major, didn't agree. "I also believe that the Bible is inspired. That means that the human authors wrote under the general influence of God's spirit...". The critical contextual approach endorses what might be called the idea of "limited inerrancy," rather than strict or absolute inerrancy. That is the belief that while the Bible reveals fundamental religious and moral truths "without error", its historical and scientific descriptions are not necessarily without error.
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Biblical inerrancy
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Logos of Theos, meaning discourse or reflection of God or the gods.
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Theology
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The branch of theology dealing with the nature, person, and deeds of Jesus Christ.
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Christology
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First, belief that the Bible is the reliable, authoritative, and sufficient source of knowledge about God and ourselves; second, very personal experience of conversion or regeneration as a result of Christ's atoning death; third, personal devotion to Bible reading and prayer, and the strong desire to evangelize to others.
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Evangelicalism
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The evil that results from the bad actions of human beings
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moral evil
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"Events that are not commited by human beings, but that have negative consequences for humanity and other sentient creatures" (FRT, 415)
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natural evil
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One of the most influential black theologians in the latter part of the twentieth century. He has given strong expression to the link between incarnation and liberation, and between suffering and redemption. He argues that the election of Israelite slaves as the people of God, and the incarnation of God in Jesus the Oppressed One, show that God is to be known where people experience humiliation and suffering.
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James Cone
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A process theologian. In _____ ______'s estimation, St. Francis of Assisi and Dr. Albert Schweitzer can provide us with models for a Christian, biocentric approach to life. Francis showed respect for his brother the wolf and his sisters the birds without abandoning Western rationality. As his "Canticle of the Brother Sun" indicates, he saw all the creatures of the earth as expressions of God's mercy and greatness. Sweitzer devoted much of his life to caring for the sick in Africa. He did this without repudiating society or the music, philosophy, and theology he loved.
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John Cobb
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A feminist theologian that talked about women's experience to Christian practice. She created a vision for a redemptive community for women together with men. Wrote "Sexism and God Talk". Argued that women do not need to abandon Christianity, but rather need to radically transform its patriarchal dimensions. All relations in society based on power and domination are overcome by overcoming the root metaphor of relationship to God modeled on king-servant relationships.
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Rosemary Radford Ruether
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20th Century Political Theologian who was a Christian realist. A Presbyterian theologian that argued sin is not so much inherent in human nature as it is inherent in social structures, which shape our individual and communal lives. He believed that institutions were less capable of morality than the individuals who make up those institutions. Unlike individuals, groups have little chance of transcending their own narrow interests."The religious dimension of sin is man's rebellion against God, his effort to usurp the place of God. The moral dimension of sin is injustice. The ego which falsely makes itself the center of existence in its pride and will-to-power inevitably subordinates other life and this does injustice to other life.
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Reinhold Niebuhr
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Social Gospel Theologian. Social structures living in the midst of a community so we have to change the conditions. Sin is embedded in social and economic structures. Argued for a "social" understanding of original sin. A Social Gospeler who wrote "A Theology for the Social Gospel" that mentions how Jesus was in line with the prophets. Pointed out that we inherit most of our ideas and values from institutions that make up society. Believed that a capitalist society was contrary to Christianity. He believed economic and political institutions could be transformed.
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Walter Rauschenbusch
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It seeks to plumb the black condition in the light of God's revelation in Jesus Christ, so that the black community can see that the gospel is commensurate with the achievement of black humanity.
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Black Theology
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________ theologists reflect systematically upon Christian beliefs, practices, and tradition from the experience of women of color. Look at the moral wisdom of women of color who "had to go through plenty" as they reflect upon and seek to live a good life in a hostile social environment.
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Womanist
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Latin American Liberation Theologist and a priest from Peru who lived among the poor people there. He wrote "A Theology of Liberation".
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Gustavo Gutierrez
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Womanist theologian who focused on the distinctive sources of knowledge for theological study.
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Katie Cannon
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First theologian to begin conversations about sin from a perspective of women's experience. Wrote "Human Situation of Feminine View", 1960.
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Valerie Saiving
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Leader of the Just Peacemaking movement which meets at the SCE, which is designed to be adopted by proponents of both Just War Theory and Pacifism as a supplement to each. Wrote the 10 principles of Just Peacemaking.
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Glen Stasson
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The experience of Christians in the lower economic class and how is has brought about a dramatic change in understanding about what it means to be a church. Is a form of practical theology that 1) pays primary attention to the experience of suffering and oppression, and 2) is also committed to changing the situation of oppression.
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Liberation Theology
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Refers to the movement demanding for women political, social, economic, and religious equality with men. Insists upon the full human dignity of women and affirms the value of women's experiences and perspectives. It is committed to the total well-being of women. Oppose sexism, androcentrism, and patriarchy.
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Feminist Theology
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Seeking truth about one's own religious traditions as well as the truth in other religious traditions through open and honest conversation with people representing a variety of perspectives. Not just chit-chat and includes disagreement and argument. The purpose is not just to create a "melting pot" religion.
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Interfaith Dialogue
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Our trusting commitment to a relationship
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Faith
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