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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For Luther, Moses was the bad guy, who gave a wicked law that only condemned. For Calvin, why was the law given and for whom?
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It was given as a way of life for a people already redeemed
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What did Sanders claim about Judaism in the time of Paul
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It put a priority on keeping Torah not in order to earn membership in God's people but in order to express and maintain it.
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What does Alister Mcgrath say in terms of the concept of justification in relation to other ways the biblical authors speak of salvation
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That there are many equally biblical ways of talking about salvation and justification is but one of them
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Who said - The doctrine of justification has come to bear a meaning within dogmatic theology which is quite independent of its Pauline origins.
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Alister Mcgrath
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What is the difference between the church embracing the word justification to explain salvation, and the church using the word homoousion to explain christology
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Well both are attempts to systematize the doctrines of Christ, however justification is more dangerous because it has scriptural usage and can be misinterpreted where homoousion cannot
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Which two theologians argued that Paul's doctrine of justification was not central to his thought, but merely a bit of peripheral polemic?
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William Wrede 1859-1906, and Albert Schweitzer 1875-1965
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What were the secondary and primary craters of Albert Schweitzer?
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Secondary was justification, primary was "being in Christ"
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John Calvin taught that justification must be understood within this larger category?
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Incorporation into Christ
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Does the dikaios root denote the entire sequence of salvific events?
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No, it denotes one specific aspect within this sequence of thought
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The english language has two different roots for the greek dikaios, what are they?
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Just, and righteous
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What context ought the dikaios words bring to mind, though the word righteous would not necessarily remind one of it.
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The lawcourt
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Righteousness in the law-court setting means
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the status that someone has when the court has found in their favour
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In the context of the law court what does 'righteousness' not denote?
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the moral character that the defendant or plaintiff are assumed to have, nor the moral behaviour they have demonstrated which has earned them the verdict.
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Is it possible for a judge to make a mistake and find someone righteous when they most certainly committed the crime?
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Yes, once the verdict is announced the person is acquitted or cleared, or righteous, etc
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How did Augustine interpret "justify"?
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To make righteous
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to justify is
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not an action which transforms someone, but a declaration which gives them a status
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How does the analogy of marriage relate to justification?
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The officiant at the wedding creates a new status, just as justification creates a new status. Justification creates someone as being declared righteous, the officiant makes two people married by declaring it. Both actions should be accompanied by a steady transformation of the heart, but either way a real change in status has occurred.
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righteousness in the law court sense does not mean
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morally good character, nor does it mean performance of moral good deeds
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If Paul is talking about moral righteousness in Romans three, then what is necessary?
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That we obtain some sort of moral righteousness, either our own, or one from another (the imputed righteousness of Christ)
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What is the context in which the believer is vindicated in God's law court?
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The vindication of Jesus
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How would one respond to those who say that the Pauline texts never link the vocabulary of righteousness and covenant renewal directly
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Paul links righteousness with Genesis 15 where the covenant is established, and Deuteronomy 30 where Israel is offered the promise of covenant renewal after the exile
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What is Paul's view of God's purpose?
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To call abraham so that through his family, God could rescue the world from its plight.
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Why does the NPP benefit the Reformed understanding of God's intentions for his creation.
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Because, since it bases its teachings on the belief that God called abraham to save the world through his family, there is a single unified purpose and plan that God has devised from the beginning. Instead of God trying one thing and then switching to something else.
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Why is a covenantal reading not short sighted and belittling of Paul's thought? (because it seems to limit Paul to a Jewish context)
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Because God's plan all along was that through Israel God would deal with sin, saving humans from it, give them grace, forgiveness, justification, glorification. This was the purpose of the single covenant from the beginning, which was fulfilled in Jesus Christ
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In Romans 4:11 where Paul says that Abraham "received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness by faith which he had in his uncircumcision" what word replaces righteousness in the genesis original?
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covenant
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What does the Romans 4:13 say that Abraham would inherit?
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The world, not just the 'land'
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At the end of chapter 3 of romans, Paul says that God has been faithful to his covenant (he has righteously dealt with the problems) what is the purpose of chapter 4?
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Its not to serve as an example of justification by faith. Rather it is fleshing out how it is that God has been righteous. How he kept his promises to Abraham and his covenant
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Along with the lawcourt, and the covenant, what third component is essential to understanding the Pauline understanding of justification?
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Eschatology
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What Triangle of ideas are necessary for understanding Pauline thought on justification?
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Lawcourt, the covenant, and eschatology
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What does eschatology mean for Paul?
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It does not mean "death, judgement, heaven and hell". Rather it means that Paul believed that the purposes of God were moving forward with a definite goal, and this goal had been launched by Jesus the messiah, and thus believers are living in a now and not yet situation, where believers continue in the old age but yet are already inaugurated into the new one
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Paul's understanding of eschatology in short is?
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That what Israel had longed for God to do for it and for the world, God had done for Jesus, bringing him through death and into the life of the age to come. Eschatology: meant that the new world was inaugurated
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What does the triangle of Paul's theology on justification look like fleshed out?
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Eschatology: the new world had been inaugurated. Covenant: God's promises to Abraham had been fulfilled. Lawcourt: Jesus had been vindicated - and so all those who belonged to Jesus were vindicated as well.
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How is Paul's eschatology in tension?
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The work of Christ was bursting forth into the present, and was nothing short of apocalypse, yet there was an ultimate triumph when God would be all in all.
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What is the purpose of the messiah for Paul?
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He is the person in whom the plans and aspirations of Israel are reached and achieved. He is also the person in whom God's people are summed up.
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What is the meaning of the resurrection of the Messiah?
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When God raised Jesus it was a declaration that Jesus is his son, both the son that Israel ought to have been and the son who is the image and comes from the father. The resurrection is the vindication of Jesus' apparent condemnation which sent him to his death. The resurrection is likewise God's launch pad for his new age, which awaits final fulfillment when God is all in all
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In addition to the Resurrection, what is the power in which believers participate in this new age?
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The spirit of Christ, which began a good work in us, and will bring it to completion on the day of the messiah.
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The final role of God's messiah is what?
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Judge, the one to whom every knee will bow and tongue confess.
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