Theme 6

Front 1

Famine

Back 1

a widespread food shortage, usually accompanied by malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, or mortality

Front 2

Anemia

Back 2

deficiency of red blood cells in an organism, usually leading to oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in the organism

Front 3

Rickets

Back 3

a softening of bones in children that leads to deformities, often caused by malnutrition and lack of sufficient calcium and vitamin D in the diet

Front 4

Pasture

Back 4

Land plowed and planted to provide forage for domestic herbivorous animals.

Front 5

Rangeland

Back 5

Land used for grazing.

Front 6

Cash crop

Back 6

A crop which is grown to be traded in a market.

Front 7

Desertification

Back 7

Desertification is the process and/or result of poor farming practices. Too much tilling releases topsoil, greater evaporation speeds the soils waterloss and monoculture utilises valuable nutrients in the soil; all these factors render the soil useless, reduce biodiversity and increasing the chances of eventual famine in developing countries

Front 8

Waterlogging

Back 8

Waterlogging occurs when soil is oversoaked with water. The excess of water causes tiny air pockets around a plant's root system to be blocked. The plant is saturated with water, fungus will develop and eventually kill the plant. Waterlogging can also flush out essential minerals and dissolved salts from soil.

Front 9

Overgrazing

Back 9

Overgrazing causes grasses to be consumed and removed at a faster rate than they can be replaced. Because of overgrazing, topsoil is blown away and the rate of surface evaporation is accelerated.

Front 10

aquaculture

Back 10

the farming of food in aquatic habitats- both marine and freshwater. It is an important source of protein and is growing rapidly

Front 11

crop rotation

Back 11

different crops are planted in turn in the same field, with the field occasionally left fallow

Front 12

pasture

Back 12

land that is plowed, planted, and harvested to provide forage for animals.

Front 13

Soil: O horizon

Back 13

The O horizon is the top layer of soil in the zone of leaching. It is composed mostly of organic materials including decomposed leaves and twigs. Color: black/brown.

Front 14

Soil: A horizon

Back 14

The A horizon is the middle layer of soil in the zone of leaching. This horizon is composed mostly of mineral and organic materials. The process of leaching occurs in the A horizon and moves clay and other materials to the B horizon. Color: light black/brown.

Front 15

Soil: E horizon

Back 15

The E horizon is the bottom layer of soil in the zone of leaching. It is composed of light-colored materials such as clay, calcium, magnesium, and iron.

Front 16

kwashiorkor

Back 16

a disease due to undernourishment that usually affects young children
cause: protein deficiency
symptoms: swollen belly

Front 17

marasmus

Back 17

a disease due to undernourishment and malnourishment
cause: protein and energy deficiency
symptoms: emaciated body; lack of energy

Front 18

chronic hunger

Back 18

due to undernourishment; is when a person has enough calories to live, but not enough to be fully productive

Front 19

Dirty Dozen

Back 19

Apples, Cherries, Grapes, imported (Chili), Nectarines, Peaches, Pears,
Raspberries, Strawberries, Bell peppers, Celery, Potatoes, Spinish.

These all don't have a peel, so they have no protection from antibiotics and repellents sprayed...etc.

Front 20

Pest

Back 20

An organism that is unwanted by humans because it destroys plants and agriculture by feeding in them.
Ex: Bugs, Rodents, Birds.
These organisms are prevented by using pesticides.

Front 21

Herbicides

Back 21

Used to remove unwanted plants.

Front 22

Insecticide

Back 22

A form of pesticide to remove unwanted insects.

Front 23

Fungicide

Back 23

A form of pesticide to remove unwanted fungi.

Front 24

Rodenticide

Back 24

A form of pesticide to remove unwanted rodents.

Front 25

Insecticide

Back 25

Any material that kills insects. Includes numerous botanical products, both organic and synthetic

Front 26

Herbicide

Back 26

chemical substances or living organisms (called bioherbicides) used to kill or control vegetation such as brush, weeds, and competing or undesirable trees.

Front 27

Fungicide

Back 27

chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores. Fungi are capable of causing serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality and profit.

Front 28

beriberi

Back 28

A condition due to insufficient amount of thiamin in body. Side effects include: loss of appetite, constipation, and nausea, limb pain, muscle weakness, and low cardiac output, mental depression, peripheral neuropathy, irritability, and fatigue

Front 29

Green revolution

Back 29

Programs that have led to the development of new strains of crops with higher yields, better resistance to disease, or better ability to grow under poor conditions. These were initiated after WWII.

Front 30

Terminator gene

Back 30

A gene that makes seeds from a crop sterile. This is done for environmental and economic reasons. In theory, it prevents a genetically modified crop from spreading.

Front 31

aquaculture

Back 31

farming of plants and animals that live in water, such as fish, shellfish and algae

Front 32

monoculture

Back 32

The growth of only one species in a given area; such as a cornfield or other agricultural field.

Front 33

Hydroponics

Back 33

The growing of plants, especially vegetables, in water containing essential mineral nutrients rather than in soil.

Front 34

Undernourishment

Back 34

Reicieving below the 90% food intake amount over an extended period of time.

Front 35

Malnourishment

Back 35

Lack of intake of essential nutrients that the bodies needs.

Front 36

Scurvy

Back 36

Not getting the adequate amount of vitamin C in the diet. (having a viiamin C deficiency)

Front 37

C Horizon

Back 37

The third-deepest soil zone in ABC soil. It is unaltered by weathering and made up of the parent rock from which the two A and B layers are made from, as well as other

Front 38

R Horizon

Back 38

"R" stands for rock and it refers to the unconsolidated rock or solid bedrock of this layer. Found below C Horizon.

Front 39

Anemia

Back 39

a condition in which the number of red blood cells is below normal

Front 40

rickets

Back 40

A condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D and associated with an interference of the normal ossification of bone.

Front 41

subsistence agriculture

Back 41

Small-scale agriculture designed to meet the consumption needs of individual households

Front 42

B Horizon

Back 42

The second or subsurface zone of soil, in ABC, made of clay and oxidized materials and organic matter obtained from the A horizon by leaching; subsoil. AKA zone of accumulation, zone of illuviation.

Front 43

Pellagra

Back 43

Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of niacin (B3) and proteins containing the amino acid tryptophan. The main results of pellagra can easily be remembered as "the four D's": diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. This disease is mostly found in poorer regions of the world.

Front 44

Fallow

Back 44

Fallow is a process in which land is plowed and left unseeded for a season or more. This increases the soil's fertility.

Front 45

Biological Control

Back 45

A set of methods to control pests by using natural ecological interactions, including predation, parasitism, and competition. (part of integrated pest management)

Front 46

Natural Pesticide

Back 46

Pesticides that are found within nature, for example nicotine is a natural plant chemical.

Front 47

Eutrophication

Back 47

When chemical elements within an area increase, (ie phosphorus) lead to a boom in algae and bacteria growth, therefore oxygen levels decrease and therefore, resulting in fish kills.

Front 48

undernutrition

Back 48

Consuming less than 90% of the daily required amount of calories.

Front 49

malnutrition

Back 49

Consuming a diet that doesn't fulfill the nutritional requirements. For example, not eating enough iodine can result in goiter.

Front 50

subsidizing

Back 50

a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public - in this case the government aids farmers financially sometimes to produce crops or not to produce crops at all (making higher demand)

Front 51

Soil Salinization

Back 51

The levels of salt within a given quantity of soil, thus affecting seed germination rates as demonstrated by the lab.

Front 52

limiting factor

Back 52

Hypothesized, it is the one factor of a crop or plant (sometimes a vitamin or mineral, or like phosphorus and nitrgoen) that is needed for a plant to increase in production and growth. It is affected one by one - however, in reality this is not the case. There are synergistic effects.

Front 53

No-Till Agriculture

Back 53

Agricultural practices that involve not ploughing the land in order to save topsoil, and using natural and artificial herbicides to kill off the weeds that would otherwize overrun the fields.

Front 54

DDT

Back 54

DDT is an organochlorine insecticide used to control mosquitoes and other insects. DDT is very toxic, very persistent in the environment, and bioaccumulates in many animals to a large degree. DDT commonly degrades to DDE in the environment.
Seen affecting many animals and organisms negatively in our parachuting cats exercise