The Visual System

Front 1

Two channels of parallel communication flow through the lateral geniculate nuclei. The______ channels runs through the top four layers and the______ channel runs through the bottom two layers of each lateral geniculate nucleus.

Back 1

Parvocellular; magnocellular

Hint 1

Small cells; big cells

Front 2

Each lateral geniculate nucleus has ______ layers, and each layer of each nucleus receives input from all parts of the ______ visual field of one eye.

Back 2

Six; contralateral

Front 3

Most visual cortex neurons in the dorsal stream respond most robustly to _______ stimuli.

Back 3

Spatial

Front 4

Blindsight is thought to result from damage to which cortex

Back 4

Primary visual

Front 5

Prosopagnosia is often associated with damage to which two areas

Back 5

Ventral stream and fusiform face area

Front 6

Goodale and Milner argued that the functions of the dorsal and ventral streams, respectively, are...

Back 6

Control of behaviour and conscious perception

Front 7

The largest single area of the association cortex receiving visual input is the ____ cortex

Back 7

Posterior parietal cortex

Front 8

The ____ focuses light on the retina and this structure bends or refracts light to bring objects into focus.

Back 8

Lens

Front 9

The _____ of a visual neuron is the area of the visual field within which it is possible for a visual stimulus to influence the firing of that neuron.

Back 9

Receptive Field

Front 10

Receptive fields in most primary visual cortex neurons fall into two classes, ______, with neither class including the neurons of lower level IV

Back 10

Simple and complex

Front 11

The phenomenon of the perception of the Mach bands is the result of

Back 11

Lateral inhibition

Front 12

A graph of the relative brightness of lights of the same intensity, but at different wavelengths, is called

Back 12

Spectral sensitivity curve

Front 13

The gap in the receptor layer of the retina where the ganglion cell axons leave the eye is called

Back 13

The blind spot

Front 14

_____ is the process whereby the receptor cells around the blind spot fills in the gaps in your retinal images

Back 14

Completion

Front 15

The strength of the convergent scotopic vision is a high degree of sensitivity. The weakness is a low level of ______.

Back 15

Acuity

Front 16

Cone mediated vision is also referred to as

Back 16

Photopic vision

Front 17

According to the ______ theory of colour vision, there are three classes of classes, each encoding two complementary colour perceptions.

Back 17

Opponent-process

Front 18

According to the ______ theory, there are three different kinds of colour receptors (cones), each with a different spectral sensitivity, and the colour of a particular stimulus is presumed to be encoded by the ratio of activity in three kinds of receptors.

Back 18

Component

Front 19

The component theory of vision was proposed by ______ in 1802 and refined by ______ in 1852.

Back 19

Young; Helmholtz

Front 20

"Where" vs. "What" Theory

Back 20

The theory that the dorsal stream mediates the perception of where things are and the ventral stream mediates the perception of what things are.

Front 21

_____ is a graph of the ability of a substance to absorb light of different wavelengths.

Back 21

Absorption spectrum

Front 22

_____ is the process of adjusting the configuration of the lenses to bring images into focus on the retina.

Back 22

Accommodation

Front 23

______ is the inability to conscious recognize sensory stimuli of a particular class that is not attributable to a sensory deficit or to verbal or intellectual impairment.

Back 23

Agnosia

Front 24

______ is a deficiency in the ability to perceive motion, which often results from damage to the dorsal visual pathway.

Back 24

Akinetopsia

Front 25

______ is a mechanism by which the actions of individual genes can be controlled or "edited" so that one gene can produce two or more proteins.

Back 25

Alternative splicing

Front 26

Amacrine cells are retinal neurons whose specialized function is _____.

Back 26

Lateral communication

Front 27

______ is the difference in the position of the retinal image of the same object on the two retinas.

Back 27

Binocular disparity

Front 28

______ means involving both eyes.

Back 28

Binocular

Front 29

Which muscles control the shape of the lenses?

Back 29

Ciliary muscles

Front 30

_____ refers to the tendency of an object to appear the same colour even when the wavelengths of light that it reflects change.

Back 30

Colour constancy

Front 31

Pairs of colour that produce white or gray when combined in equal measure are referred to as _____.

Back 31

Complementary colours

Front 32

______ cells are neurons in the visual cortex that respond optimally to straight-edge stimuli in a certain orientation in any part of their receptive field.

Back 32

Complex

Front 33

______ cells are neurons that respond to the differences in the wavelengths of light stimulating adjacent areas of their receptive field.

Back 33

Dual opponent colour

Front 34

The ______ theory states that cones and rods mediate photopic and scotopic vision, respectively.

Back 34

Duplexity

Front 35

The ______ is the central indentation of the retina which is specialized for high-acuity vision.

Back 35

Fovea

Front 36

The fusiform face area is located at the boundary of which two lobes?

Back 36

Occipital and temporal