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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Vertebral Column |
Generally consists of 33 vertebrae. Five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. |
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Cervical Vertebrae |
7 (C1-C7). C1 is the Atlas. C2 is the Axis |
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Atlas |
Supports the skull. Lacks a body and a spinous process. Its superior articular facet is elongated and concave to accommodate the occipital condyles of the skull |
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Axis |
The atlas rotates about it. Readily identifiable by the presence of the Dens, which projects superiorly to articulate with the back of the anterior arch of the atlas. The spinous process of the axis is long and commonly bifid at the top. |
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Cervical Vertebrae Features |
Presence of a foramen transversarium and the commonly bifid spinous process. The body tends to be mediolaterally concave superiorly and convex inferiorly so that the body has lateral superior lips and an anterior inferior lip. |
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Thoracic Vertebrae Features |
12 (T1-T12). Can be distinguished by the presents of costal facets for articulation with the ribs. Long, inferiorly projecting spinous process, superior articular facets tend to face posteriorly. The vertebral body tends to be heart shaped. |
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Lumbar vertebrae features |
5 (L1-L5). Distinguishable by absence of a foramen transversarium in the transverse process and of costal facets on the body and or transverse processes. The spinous process is stocky and horizontal. The Superior Articular Facets tend to face medially and the vertebral body is large. |
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Sacral Vertebrae Features |
5(s1-S5) Fused into a single element by about age 23 or 24. The junction of adjacent bodies is marked by a raised transverse line. Look in lab manual |
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Coccygeal Vertebrae |
4 (Co1-Co4) The coccyx of an adult usually consists of two pieces: the first vertebra and the fused inferior segments. Lack any component of the neural arch. Rudimentary bodies. |
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Kyphotic Curvature |
Anterior concavity |
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Lordotic Curvature |
Posterior Concavity |
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Curvature of the spine |
Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis and coccygeal kyphosis. |
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Stabilizing Ligaments of the Vertebral Column |
Supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, posterior longitudinal ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament. |
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Supraspinous Ligament |
Connects the tips of the spinous process. In the neck, it forms the powerful ligamentum nuchae, which attaches to the external occipital protuberance of the skull. |
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Interspinous Ligaments |
Run between the inferior and superior edges of adjacent spinous processes. |
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Ligamentum Flavum |
Runs between the inferior margin of one lamina and the superior edge of the next lower lamina. |
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Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
Runs from the skull to the sacrum. It attaches to the posterior surface of each vertebral body and each intervertebral disc. |
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
Attaches to the anterior and lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. |
