The Urinary System : Nephrons

Front 1

Nephron structure

Back 1

Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary ducts

Front 2

Glomerulus

Back 2

ball-shaped network of capillaries
filters blood
important in urine formation
surrounded by the glomerular capsule of each kidney tubule

Front 3

Glomerulus (Bowmans) capsule

Back 3

A double-walled globe at the proximal end of a nephron that encloses the glomerular capillaries.

Front 4

Renal corpuscle

Back 4

consists of glomerulus and bowmans capsule
where blood plasma is filtered

Front 5

Parietal layer (outer wall) of Glomerulus capsule

Back 5

simple squamous epithelium

Front 6

Visceral layer (inner wall) of glomerulus capsule

Back 6

simple squamous epithelium cells called podocytes

Front 7

Glomerulus

Back 7

Blood enters the _______ through the afferent arteriole, and empties into the efferent arteriole.

Front 8

podocytes

Back 8

footlike projections of these cells (pedicels) wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries and form the inner wall of the capsule.

Front 9

Glomerulus (Bowman's) space

Back 9

btwn parietal and visceral layer of bowmans capsule

Front 10

Renal tubule

Back 10

where filtered fluid passes
1- Proximal convoluted tubule
2- Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
3- Distal convoluted tubule

Front 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

Back 11

denotes the part of the tubule attached to the glomerular capsule

Front 12

Distal convoluted tubule

Back 12

tubule is tightly coiled rather than straight
lie within renal cortex
some empty into a single collecting duct.

Front 13

Loop of henle (nephron loop)

Back 13

extends into the renal medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and then returns to the renal cortex.

Front 14

Loop of henle (nephron loop)
(STRUCTURE)

Back 14

Descending limb
Ascending limb

Front 15

Descending limb of loop of henle

Back 15

1st part of the loop of henle dip into the renal medulla.

Front 16

Ascending limb of loop of henle

Back 16

makes a hairpin turn and return to renal cortex

Front 17

Collecting ducts

Back 17

distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty here
unite & converge with papillary ducts

Front 18

Papillary ducts

Back 18

several hundred large ducts which drain into the minor calyces.
unite w/ collecting ducts

Front 19

Kinds of nephrons

Back 19

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

Front 20

Cortical nephrons

Back 20

Glomerulus in outer cortical zone
Henle's loop penetrates short distance into medulla
Blood supply from peritubular capillaries
80-85 percent of this type

Front 21

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 21

Glomerulus close to corticomedullary junction
Henle's loop penetrates deep into medulla
Blood supply from peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
Ascending limb of loop of henle of two types - thick and thin ascending limbs

Front 22

Vascular system

Back 22

Renal arteries- branch before or after hilus- form segmental arteries- form interlobar arteries that pass through renal columns- form arcuate arteries at base of pyramids (at junction of cortex and medulla)- branches of the arcuate arteries extend into the cortex - gives rise to afferent arterioles - enter glomerular capsule and form glomerulus - forms efferent arterioles (smaller diameter than afferent arterioles) which leave glomerular capsule

Front 23

Renal arteries

Back 23

branch before or after hilus- form segmental arteries

Front 24

segmental arteries-

Back 24

form interlobar arteries that pass through renal columns

Front 25

renal columns-

Back 25

form arcuate arteries at base of pyramids (at junction of cortex and medulla)

Front 26

branches of the arcuate arteries

Back 26

extend into the cortex

Front 27

cortex -

Back 27

gives rise to afferent arterioles

Front 28

efferent arterioles

Back 28

which leave glomerular capsule

Front 29

Efferent arteriole forms

Back 29

Peritubular capillary network
Vasa recta

Front 30

Peritubular capillary network

Back 30

surrounds convoluted tubules in both types of nephrons (cortical & juxtamedullary)

Front 31

Vasa recta

Back 31

capillary network surrounding loop of the nephron in juxtamedullary nephrons only

Front 32

Venous return

Back 32

Peritubular capillaries lead to peritubular venules - form interlobular veins - form arcuate veins - form interlobular veins - form segmental veins - form renal veins

Front 33

Peritubular capillaries

Back 33

lead to peritubular venules

Front 34

peritubular venules

Back 34

form interlobular veins

Front 35

interlobular veins

Back 35

form arcuate veins

Front 36

arcuate veins

Back 36

form interlobular veins

Front 37

interlobular veins

Back 37

form segmental veins

Front 38

segmental veins

Back 38

form renal veins

Front 39

Venous return for vasa recta

Back 39

Vasa recta leads to interlobular veins - forms arcuate veins - form interlobular veins - form segmental veins - form renal veins

Front 40

Vasa recta

Back 40

leads to interlobular veins

Front 41

interlobular veins -

Back 41

forms arcuate veins

Front 42

arcuate veins

Back 42

form interlobular veins

Front 43

interlobular veins

Back 43

- form segmental veins

Front 44

segmental veins -

Back 44

form renal veins