The Tudors

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Henry VII
1485-1509

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Gained the throne on the 22nd of August 1485, by defeating Richard III in Bosworth, he later changed the date of his rule to the day before to make it seem like he was the defending king

He banned livery and maitenence. This was a problem for he lords a they didn't kow who was supporting them. Banning Maitenence made sure everyone got a fair trail.

He used the STAR CHAMBER so that he himself could decide a persons guilt. They could also use tortue



he raised money by hiring RICHARD EPSOM and EDMUND DUDLEY to go to peoples houses' and force them to give money to the king

the treaty of ETAPLES was signed in 1492. in this Henry was paid a large amount of money so that he would not make war with France.


The POYNINGS LAW was signed in1494. In this he seized control of Ireland.
Laws that were passed by the Irish government had to be approved by the English.

His oldest son married Catherine ofAragon making an alliance with Spain.
His youngest daughter Mary married James, king

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Henry VIII

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He executed Epsom and Dudley because they were unpopular and he was made popular from this.

Hired a man called THOMAS WOLSEY, he;
Made sure that the court did not get any more power
Did many things that Henry was meant to do, but could not be bothered.
He reformed the military system


He divorces his first wife, Catherine of Aragon because she could not have a son and it says in the book of LEVITICUS that it was wrong.
Catherine had been married to Henry's older brother and the Catholic church had let them marry with special permission,
the pope did not want to let Henry have the marriage anulled and neither did Catherine.
He married Anne Boleyn in secret in 1533.
Henry split from the Pope in Rome with the help of THOMAS WOLSEY AND THOMAS CRAMNER (archbishop of canterbury) and set up his own church, in which he was leader. He anulled his first marriage with Catherine and married Anne Boleyn.


He dissolved the monestaries using a man called THOMAS CROMWELL. He led two investigations;
to se

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Edward VI and Mary I

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EDWARD VI

In Edward VI's reign was seen the first proper rise of protestantism in England.
He was very intelligent but his power was used by noblemen like Lord SOMERSET.

Catholics were moved out of the royal council and the Duke of Norfolk

Somerset wanted bishops to be abolished, priests to be able to marry and churches to have little or no ornamentation.



MARY I

Turned England Catholilc again and was known to burn 300 protestants

she married the King of Spain, Phillip II. Her noble men wanted her to marry an Englishman.

A nobleman called Thomas Wyatt, a well-known Catholic, rebelled against Mary. He did this by trying to replace Mary with Elizabeth. His army scattered a small royal army in jan. 1554 and succesfully made it to London.
There was a battle in the streets of London in which Wyatt was seriously outnumbered.
120 were hanged, Wyatt later being disembowelled. His head was left on a spike in the Tower of London.

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Elizabeth I

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Elizabeh was protestant but was much kinder to Catholics and tried to cooperate with them.
She did this in a vastly Catholic country.
Many Catholics wanted Mary Queen of Scots to take over the crown, as she was Catholic with a legitamate claim. Elizabeth had her locked up and a plot formed around her by her spy, WALSINGHAM. Mary was beheaded in Fotheringhay.

THE SPANISH ARMADA

Spain was unhappy that England was a Protestant country.
Elizabeth supported French protestant rebels.
The Spanish wanted to kill Elizabeth using the Spanish Armada and the troops in Flanders.
The English won by;
Getting behing the Spanish and using the element of surprise
The Spanish troops in Flanders not being at the ships on time.
The Spainsh's lack of sailors and bad ability to fire a cannon

English led by : Drake and Howard
Spanish led by: The Duke of Medina Sedonia

The english used fire ships