The Tissue Level Of Organization

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HISTOLOGY

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THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF TISSUES.

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PATHOLOGIST

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A PHYSICIAN WHO SPECIALIZES IN LABORATORY STUDIES OF CELLS AND TISSUES TO HELP OTHER PHYSICIANS MAKE ACCURATE DIAGNOSES.

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TISSUE

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A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT FUNCTION TOGETHER TO CARRY OUT SPECIALIZED ACTIVITIES AND USUALLY HAVE A COMMON EMBRYONIC ORIGIN.

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WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES?

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EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, AND NERVOUS.

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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COVERS BODY SURFACES AND LINES HOLLOW ORGANS, BODY CAVITIES, DUCTS AND GLANDS; CONSISTS OF CELLS ARRANGED IN CONTINUOUS SHEETS EITHER SINGLE OR MULTIPLE LAYERS, CLOSELY PACKED, PROTECTIVE BARRIER (EX: SKIN),CAN SEPARATE AND ISOLATE SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY ( EX: URINE IN THE TUBULES OF THE KIDNEY

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS THE BODY AND ITS ORGANS, BINDS ORGANS TOGETHER, STORE ENERGY RESERVES FOR FAT, AND HELP PROVIDE IMMUNITY AGAINST DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS.

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MUSCLE TISSUE

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GENERATES THE PHYSICAL FORCE NEEDED TO MAKE BODY STRUCTURES MOVE AND GENERATES BODY HEAT.

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NERVOUS TISSUE

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DETECTS CHANGES IN A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE BODY AND RESPONDS BY GENERATING NERVE IMPULSES THAT ACTIVATE MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS AND GLANDULAR SECRETIONS.

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CELL JUNCTION

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POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN PLASMA MEMBRANES OF TISSUE CELLS.

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WHAT ARE THE FOUR SURFACES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS.

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APICAL(FREE), LATERAL, AND BASAL.

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APICAL SURFACE

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EPITHELIAL CELL FACES THE BODY SURFACE, A BODY CAVITY, OR THE LUMEN(INTERIOR SPACE) OF A HOLLOW ORGAN OR DUCT.
MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF CELLS.

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LATERAL SURFACE

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EPITHELIAL CELL FACE THE ADJACENT CELLS ON EITHER SIDE AND MAY CONTAIN CELL JUNCTIONS.

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BASAL SURFACE

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EPITHELIAL CELL IS OPPOSITE THE APICAL SURFACE AND ADHERES TO EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS.THE DEEPEST LAYER OF CELLS.

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BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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THIN EXTRACELLULAR LAYER THAT COMMONLY CONSISTS OF 2 LAYERS, BASAL LAMINA AND RETICULAR LAMINA.

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BASAL LAMINA

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THIN LAYER, CLOSER TO EPITHELIAL CELLS AND IS SECRETED BY THEM; CONTAINS PROTEIN SUCH AS COLLAGEN, LAMININ ( LAMININ MOLECULES ATTACH EPITHELIAL TISSUES TO BASEMENT MEMBRANE). GLYCOPROTEINS

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RETICULAR LAMINA

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DEEP TO BASAL LAMINA AND CONTAINS FIBROUS PROTEINS PRODUCED BY UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS CALLED FIBROBLAST.

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AVASCULAR

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LACK OWN BLOOD SUPPLY.

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VASCULAR

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VESSEL

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WHAT ARE THE ROLE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?

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PROTECTION, FILTRATION, SECRETION, ABSORPTION, AND EXCRETION.

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WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES?

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COVERING AND LINING . EX: SKIN, SOME INTERNAL ORGANS, INNER LINING OF BLOOD VESSELS, DUCTS, BODY CAVITIES INTERIOR OF RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS.

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GRANDULAR EPITHELIUM

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THE SECRETING PORTION OF GLANDS. EX: THYROID GLAND, ADRENAL GLAND AND SWEAT GLANDS.

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EPITHELIUM IS ARRANGED INTO 3 LAYERS OF CELLS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION.

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SIMPLE, PSEUDOSTRATIFIED AND STRATIFIED.

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SIMPLE EPITHELIUM

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SINGLE LAYER
FUNCTION: DIFFUSION, FILTRATION,SECRETIONS ( PRODUCE AND RELEASE MUCUS, SWEAT, OR ENZYMES), ABSORPTION( INTAKE OF FLUIDS OR SUBSTANCES BY CELLS EX: DIGESTED FOOD IN INTESTINAL TRACT

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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

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APPEARS TO HAVE MULTIPLE LAYERS BECAUSE OF WHERE A SIMPLE EPITHELIUM AND ALL CELLS REST ON THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE. THE CELL NUCLEI IS LOCATED AND NOT ALL CELL REACH THE APICAL SURFACE, CELLS THAT DO REACH SURFACE MAY HAVE CILIA

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STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM STRATUM (LAYER)

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TWO OR MORE LAYERS, PROTECT UNDERLYING TISSUE IN LOCATIONS WERE THERE IS CONSIDERABLE WEAR AND TEAR.

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CELLS THAT VARY IN SHAPE DEPENDING ON THEIR FUNCTION ARE?

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SQUAMOUS, CUBOIDAL, COLUMNAR, AND TRANSITIONAL CELLS.

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SQUAMOUS CELLS

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LOOK LIKE AND ARE ARRANGED LIKE FLOOR TILES, ARE THIN. PURPOSE ALLOWS RAPID MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THEM.

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CUBOIDAL CELLS

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TALL AS THEY ARE WIDE, SHAPED LIKE CUBES OR HEXAGONS, MAY HAVE MICROVILLI AT APICAL SURFACE. FUNCTION SECRETION OR ABSORPTION.

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COLUMNAR CELLS

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TALLER THE THEY ARE WIDE, AND PROTECT UNDERLYING TISSUE, APICAL SURFACE MAY HAVE CILIA OR MICROVILLI. SPECIALIZED FOR SECRETION AND ABSORPTION.

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TRANSITIONAL CELLS

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CHANGE SHAPE, FROM FLAT TO CUBOIDAL AND BACK. EX: URINARY BLADDER.