The Thorax: Key Terms

Front 1

What's the anterior (sternocostal) border of the heart

Back 1

Right Ventricle mostly, little bit of right atrium and left auricle and ventricle

Front 2

Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of heart

Back 2

Right and Left Ventricles, Mostly LEFT

Front 3

Posterior Surface of Heart

Back 3

Left Atrium and pulmonary veins, a little bit of right atrium
(least mobile part)

Front 4

Superior Border of heart

Back 4

Right and left Atria and Auricles

Front 5

Apex of the Heart

Back 5

Most Inferior part of the Left Ventricle
*Deep to the Left 5th Intercostal space* at midclavicular line

Front 6

Base of the Heart

Back 6

Left Atrium and part of right atrium *emergence of great vessels*

Front 7

Location and Surface Projections of Heart

Back 7

-1/3 of heart projects to the right of the midline and 2/3 to the left
-apex: left 5th intercostal space near midclavicular line
-left margin projects from apex to 2nd intercostal space near sternum
-inferior margin: 6th costal cartilage and 5th intercostal space near left border of sternum
-Right margin: 3rd-6th costal cartilage right of sternum

Front 8

Fibrous Pericardium

Back 8

Tough connective tissue sac which protects heart
-forms outer surface of pericardium
*not distensible*
-attached to diaphragm inferiorly & encloses great vessels

Front 9

Pareital layer of Serous Pericardium

Back 9

forms inner surface lining of pericardium

Front 10

Visceral layer of Serous Pericardium

Back 10

surrounds the heart
aka: epicardium

Front 11

Oblique pericardial sinus

Back 11

cul-de-sac of pericardium behind left atrium/ reflection of serous pericardium

Front 12

Transverse pericardial sinus

Back 12

space btwn sleeve of pericardium enclosing aorta and pulmonary trunk and sleeve surrounding the superior vena cava and left pulmonary veins

Front 13

Pericardial cavity

Back 13

potential space btwn pareital and visceral layers of serous pericardium
-contains only serous fluid that lubricates surfaces for free movement of heart

Front 14

Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

Back 14

runs around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles

Front 15

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus and Posterior Interventricular Sulcus

Back 15

indicate location of interventricular septum
-join the coronary sulcus at a right angle

Front 16

Pulmonary (left) surface of heart

Back 16

Mainly left ventricle
(get cardiac impression on left lung)

Front 17

Coronary Sinus

Back 17

Cardiac vein that runs along the coronary sulcus on the diaphragmatic side, and opens into the right atrium
*runs with circumflex coronary artery and right coronary artery

Front 18

Great Cardiac Vein

Back 18

courses from the apex of the heart toward the coronary sinus in the anterior interventricular sulcus
*runs with Anterior Interventricular Branch/Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

Front 19

Middle Cardiac Vein

Back 19

In the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus, and can trace up to coronary sinus
*runs with Posterior interventricular branch (artery)

Front 20

Small Cardiac Vein

Back 20

goes from posterior to anterior surface of heart where it courses along the inferior border

Front 21

Anterior Cardiac Veins

Back 21

Bridge the atrioventricular sulcus btwn the right atrium and right ventricle; drain anterior wall of right ventricle directly into right atrium
**Only veins that do dont contribute to the coronary sinus.

Front 22

Aortic Valve

Back 22

In lumen of ascending aorta; 3 semilunar cusps: right, left & posterior.
Behind each cusp: aortic sinus (R, L, P respectively)

Front 23

Left Coronary Artery

Back 23

Opening at Left aortic sinus, goes between left auricle and pulmonary trunk, **very short, hard to tag**
Divides into: Anterior Interventricular Branch/LAD, and circumflex branch

Front 24

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)/ Anterior Interventricular Branch

Back 24

runs in anterior interventricular sulcus to apex of heart
*accompanies Great Cardiac Vein

Front 25

Circumflex Branch of Left Coronary Artery

Back 25

Runs in the coronary sulcus and around the left border of the heart, many unnamed branches that supply the posterior wall of the left ventricle
*accompanies coronary sinus in coronary sulcus

Front 26

Right Coronary Artery

Back 26

Opening in the right aortic sinus; runs in btwn the right auricle and the ascending aorta

-Branches:
anterior right atrial branch, marginal branch,
posterioir interventricular branch,
artery to the atrioventricular node

Front 27

Anterior Right Atrial Branch

Back 27

Arises close to origin of the Right Coronary Artery and ascends along the anterior wall of the right atrium toward the superior vena cava
-gives rise to sinuatrial nodal branch

Front 28

Sinuatrial Nodal Branch

Back 28

Branch off Anterior Right Atrial Branch
-supplies the sinuatrial (SA) node

Front 29

Marginal Branch

Back 29

Off the Right Coronary Artery, usually arises near the inferior border of the heart
*accompanies the small cardiac vein

Front 30

Posterior Interventricular Branch

Back 30

Right Coronary Artery gives rise to it when it reaches the posterior interventricular sulcus on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
-courses down to the apex where it anastomoses with the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (aka LAD)
*accompanied by Middle Cardiac Vein

Front 31

Artery to the Atrioventricular Node

Back 31

Arises from Right Coronary Artery at the point where posterior interventricular sulcus meets the coronary sulcus on diaphragmatic surface of heart

Front 32

Anterior Wall of Right Atrium

Back 32

-Pectinate Muscles:horizontal ridges of muscle
-Crista Terminalis:vertical ridge of muscle that connects the pectinate muscles

Front 33

Posterior Wall of Right Atrium

Back 33

-Opening of superior vena cava
-Opening and valve of inferior vena cava
-Openining and valve of coronary Sinus
-Fossa Ovalis (remnant of foramen ovale)
-Limbus Fossa Ovalis

Front 34

Right Atrium: Functional Features

Back 34

-Sinuatrial (SA) Node: at superior end of the crista terminalis at the junction btwn the right atrium and the superior vena cava
-Atrioventricular (AV) Node: in the interatrial septum, above opening of the coronary sinus
-Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid valve)leads to right ventricle

Front 35

Right Ventricle Features

Back 35

-Opening of Pulmonary trunk
-Pulmonary valve, with 3 semilunar cusps: right, left, & anterior;
*each cusp has one fibrous nodule and two lunules which help seal the valve cusps and prevent backflow in diastole
-Conus Arteriosus (infundibulum)
-Interventricular septum
-Chordae Tendineae
-Opening of Right Atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)->three cusps:anterior, septal, & posterior
-Papillary Muscles: anterior(largest), septal, & posterior
-Trabeculae carneae
-septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

Front 36

Left Atrium

Back 36

-Openings of Four pulmonary veins (usu. 2 from right lung and 2 from left lung)
-Valve of Foramen Ovale on the interatrial septum
-Opening into the left auricle
-Opening of the left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve)

Front 37

Left Ventricle (very thick myocardium due to more trabeculeae carneae)

Back 37

-Opening of Aorta
-Aortic valve: 3 semilunar valve cusps->right, left, & posterior
-left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve or mitral valve): anterior and posterior cusps
-Anterior papillary muscle
-Posterior papillary muscle
-Chordae Tendineae: of each paillary muscle attach to both valve cusps
-Trabeculae carneae
-muscular part of interventricular septum, inferior to attachment of right cusp of aortic valve
-membranous part of the interventricular septum: inferior to attachment of the right cusp of aortic valve
-coronary arteries coming from aortic sinuses
->posterior cusp aka noncoronary cusp*
*each semilunar valve cusp has one nodule and two lunules