2: The Thirteen Colonies And The British Empire (1607-1750)

Front 1

Charter

Back 1

Document granting special privileges

Front 2

Corporate colonies

Back 2

Colonies operated by joint-stock companies (eg Jamestown in its early years)

Front 3

Royal colonies

Back 3

Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government

Front 4

Proprietary colonies

Back 4

Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king

Front 5

Lord Baltimore

Back 5

The first: Nobleman to whom King Charles I rewarded control of Maryland in return for loyal service to the crown

The second: Son of the first; implemented his father's vision of Maryland after the first died (pre-colony)

Front 6

Act of Toleration

Back 6

Passed in Maryland; the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians, but called for the death of those who denied the divinity of Jesus

Front 7

Economic problems in Virginia

Back 7

Virginia's tobacco-reliant economy ended up in a price war with London's retailers over their main source of income

Front 8

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 8

Rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon against Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of Virginia, who favored large planters and failed to protect backwoods farmers from Native attacks

Front 9

Disputes of colonial Virginia highlighted by Bacon's Rebellion

Back 9

1. Class differences

2. Colonial resistance to royal control

Front 10

Headright system

Back 10

Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage and any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage

Front 11

Roger Williams

Back 11

Puritan minister who conflicted with the teachings of the Puritan leaders; founded Providence, Rhode Island, along with followers; promoted full religious freedom

Front 12

Anne Hutchinson

Back 12

Believer in antinomianism; was banished from the Bay colony, then founded Portsmouth, near Providence

Front 13

Antinomianism

Back 13

The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation

Front 14

Reverend Thomas Hooker

Back 14

Founded Hartford, CT, with Boston Puritan followers

Front 15

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Back 15

The first written constitution in American history, written by the Hartford settlers; established representative government

Front 16

Halfway Covenant

Back 16

Offer extended by the immigrant generation of clergymen to the less-committed colony-born generation allowing people to take part in church services and activities without making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ

Front 17

New England Confederation

Back 17

Faced with threat of attack from the Natives, Dutch, and French, New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Haven) formed a military alliance

Front 18

King Philip's War

Back 18

Chief Metacom (King Philip) united many Native tribes against the encroaching settlers; the settlers won, virtually ending all Native resistance

Front 19

Major difference between North and South Carolina

Back 19

The South relied on slaves to work their plantations, while the North had fewer large plantations and less need for slave labor.

Front 20

The colony of New York was taken with force by England from...

Back 20

the Dutch governor of the colony (Peter Stuyvesant).

Front 21

Religious Society of Friends

Back 21

AKA the Quakers; a peace-loving Christian sect believing in the quality of all men and women , violence, and resistance to military service; often persecuted and jailed

Front 22

William Penn

Back 22

Young Quaker convert; established Pennsylvania

Front 23

Charter of Liberties

Back 23

Pennsylvania constitution guaranteeing full freedom of worship and unrestricted immigration

Front 24

Frame of Government

Back 24

Pennsylvania document guaranteeing a democratically elected representative assembly

Front 25

The Buffer Colony

Back 25

Georgia; protected profitable South Carolina from Spanish Florida

Front 26

Debtors were often shipped here to start a new life

Back 26

Georgia

Front 27

James Oglethorpe

Back 27

Leader of a group of philanthropists who founded Georgia's first settlement; first governor of Georgia; later, lost colony to the king

Front 28

Mercantilism

Back 28

Policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength; colonies exist only to benefit the parent country

Front 29

Navigation Acts

Back 29

Most goods could only be exported to England; colonial imports must pass through English ports; trade to and from the colonies must be English and operated by English sailors

Front 30

Salutary neglect

Back 30

unofficial and long-term policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England

Front 31

Dominion of New England

Back 31

Larger administrative unit comprised of New York, New Jersey, and the various New England colonies which dissolved back into its original colonies after the man who ordered it, King James II, fell from power during the Glorious Revolution

Front 32

Factors increasing demand for slaves

Back 32

1. Reduced migration to colonies

2. Dependable, controllable workforce

3. Cheap labor for large plantations

Front 33

Slave laws

Back 33

Kept black slaves in bondage for their entire lifetime and ensured that a slave's children inherited the slave status; begun implementation in varies colonies in the 1660s

Front 34

Triangle trade

Back 34

Trade route between Africa (exported slaves), the British colonies (exported tobacco, furs, indigo), and Europe (England exported manufactured goods, Spain only imported); includes West Indies (exported sugar, molasses)

Front 35

Middle Passage

Back 35

Horrendous, inhumane voyage from Africa to the Americas on which the slaves were forced