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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acoustic phonetics
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the study of the physical properties of speech as sound waves
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adjective
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a word such as happy or sstrange used with a verb or adjective to provide more information
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affix
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a bound morpheme such as -un or -ed added to a word (e.g. undressed)
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affricate
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a consonant produced by stopping then releasing air flow through a narrow opening (e.g. the first and last sounds in church)
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Agent
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the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the one who performs the action of the verb in an event (The boy kicked the ball)
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alveolar
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a consonant produced with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge (e.g. the first and last sounds in dot)
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antonymy
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the lexical relation in which words have opposite meanings (Shallow is an antonym of deep)
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arbitrariness
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a property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between a linguisstic form and its meaning
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article
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a word such as a, an or the used with a noun
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aspiration
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a puff of air that sometimes accompanies the pronunciation of a stop
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assimilation
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the process whereby a feature of one sound becomes part of another during speech production
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associative meaning
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the type of meaning that people might connect with the use of words (e.g. needle = painful) that is not part of conceptual meaning
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auxilliary verb
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a verb such as will used with another verb
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backformation
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the process of reducing a word such as a anoun to a shorter version and using it as a new word such as a verb (e.g. babysit from babysitter)
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bilabial
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a consonant produced by using both lips (e.g. the first and last sounds in pub)
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blending
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the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (e.g. brunch from breakfast and lunch).
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borrowing
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the process of taking words from another language.
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bound morpheme
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a morpheme such as un- or -ed that cannot stand alone and must be attatched to another form e.g. undressed.
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calque
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a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language (e.g. gratte-ciel 'scrape sky' for skyscraper)
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clipping
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the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form e.g. ad from advertisement
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co-articulation
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the process of making one sound virtually at the same time as the next sound
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coda
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the part of the syllable affter the vowel.
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conceptual meaning
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the basic components of meaning conveyed by the literal use of words
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conjuction
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a word such as and or boecause used to make connections between words, phrases and sentences
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consonat
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a speech sound produced by restricting the air flow in some way
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conversion
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the process of changing the function of a word, such as a noun to a verb, as a way of forming new words, also known as category change or functional shift, facebooking-facebook
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corpus linguistics
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the study of language in use by analyzing the occurrence and frequency of forms in a large colleciton of texts typically stored in a computer
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critical period
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the time from birht to puberty during whcih normal first language acquisition can take place
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cultural transmission
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the process whereby knowledge of a language is passed form one generation to the next
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cuneiform
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a way of writing created by pressing a wedge-shaped implement into soft clay
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deep structure
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the underlying structure of sentences as represented by phrase structure rules
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dental
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a consonant produced with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth (e.g. the first sound in that)
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derivation
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the process of forming new words by adding affixes
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derivational morpheme
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a bound morpheme such as -ish used to make new words or words of a different grammatical category (e.g. boyish) in contrast to an inflectional morpheme
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descriptive approach
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an approach to grammar that is based on a description of the structures actually used in a language, not what should be used, in contrast to the prescriptive approach
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diphthong
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a sound combination that begins with a vowel and ends witha glid (e.g. boy)
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displacement
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a property of language that allows users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment
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duality
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a property of language whereby linguistic forms have two simulataneous levels of sound production and meaning, also called 'double articulation'
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elision
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the process of leaving out a sound segmen in the pronunciation of a word
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eponym
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a word derived from the name of a person or place (e.g. sandwich)
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etymology
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the study of the orgin and history of words
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experiencer
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the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the entity that has the feeling, perception or state described by the verb (e.g. the boy feels sad)
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flap
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a sound produced with the tongue tip briefly touching the alveolar ridge
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free morpheme
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a morpheme that can stand by itself as a single word
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fricative
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a consonant produced by almost blockign the air flow (e.g. the first and last sounds in five)
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functional morpheme
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a free morpheme that is used as a function word, such as a conjunction (and) or preposition (in)
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generative grammar
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a set of rules defining the possible sentences in a language
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glides
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sounds produced with the tongue in motion to or from a vowel sound, also called 'emi-vowels' or 'approximants' (the first sounds in wet, yes)
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glottal
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a sound produced in the space between the vocal cords (the first sound in hat)
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glottal stop
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a sound produced when the air passing through the glottis is stopped completely then released
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glottis
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the space between the vocal cords
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goal
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the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying where an entity moves to (the boy walked to the window)
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gradable antonyms
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words with opposite meanings along a scale
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grammar
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the analysis of the structure of phrases and sentences
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homonyms
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two words witht he same form that are unrelated in meaning (mole on skin - mole small animal0
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homophones
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two words iwth different forms and the same sound - to-too-two
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hypocorism
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a word formation process in which a longer word is reducedc to a shorter form with -y or ie at the end (telly, movie)
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hyponomy
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the lexical relation in which the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another (daffodil is a hyponym of flower)
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ideogram
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a way of writing in which each symbol represents a concept.
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infix
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a morpheme inserted in the middle of a word
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innateness hypothesis
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the idea that humans are genetically equipped to acquire language
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inflectional morpheme
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a bound morpheme used to indicate the grammatical funciton of a word, also called and 'infleciton' (e.g. dogs walked)
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instrument
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the semantic orle of the noun phrase identify the entity taht is used to perform the aciton of the ver (the boy cut the rope with a razor)
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interdental
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a consonant produced with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teeth (the first sound in that)
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labiodental
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a consonant produced with the upper teeth and the lower lip (the first sounds in very funny)
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larynx
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the part of the throat that contains the vocal cords, also called the voice box
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lexical morpheme
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a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb
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liquid
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a sound produced by letting air flow around the sides of the tongue (the first sound in lip)
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logogram
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a way of writing in which each symbol represents a word
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morphology
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the analysis of the structure of words
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nucleus
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the vowel in a syllable
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onset
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the part of the syllabel before the vowel
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palatal
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a consonant produced by raising the tongue to the palate,
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phonetics
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the study of the characterisistcs of speech sounds
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phonology
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the study of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in languages
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pictogram
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a way of writing in which a spicture/drawing of an object is used to represent the object
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phoneme
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the smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in the abstract reprentation of the sounds of a language
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polysemy
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a word having two or more related meaning (foot of a bed, of a person)
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rebus writing
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a way of writing in which a pictorial representation of an object is used dto indicate the sound of the word for that object.
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stop
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a consonant produced by stopping the air flow, then letting it go, also called 'plosive' (the first and last sounds in cat)
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syntax
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the structure of phrases and sentences
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theme
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the semantic role of the noun phrases used to identify the entity involved in or affected by the action of the verb in an event (the boy kicked THE BALL)
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velar
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a consonant sound produced by the raising the back of the ongue to the velum
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velum
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the soft area at the back of the roof of the mouth, also called teh 'soft plate'
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uvula
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the small appendage at the end of the velum
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