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85 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
acoustic phonetics
the study of the physical properties of speech as sound waves
adjective
a word such as happy or sstrange used with a verb or adjective to provide more information
affix
a bound morpheme such as -un or -ed added to a word (e.g. undressed)
affricate
a consonant produced by stopping then releasing air flow through a narrow opening (e.g. the first and last sounds in church)
Agent
the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the one who performs the action of the verb in an event (The boy kicked the ball)
alveolar
a consonant produced with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge (e.g. the first and last sounds in dot)
antonymy
the lexical relation in which words have opposite meanings (Shallow is an antonym of deep)
arbitrariness
a property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between a linguisstic form and its meaning
article
a word such as a, an or the used with a noun
aspiration
a puff of air that sometimes accompanies the pronunciation of a stop
assimilation
the process whereby a feature of one sound becomes part of another during speech production
associative meaning
the type of meaning that people might connect with the use of words (e.g. needle = painful) that is not part of conceptual meaning
auxilliary verb
a verb such as will used with another verb
backformation
the process of reducing a word such as a anoun to a shorter version and using it as a new word such as a verb (e.g. babysit from babysitter)
bilabial
a consonant produced by using both lips (e.g. the first and last sounds in pub)
blending
the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (e.g. brunch from breakfast and lunch).
borrowing
the process of taking words from another language.
bound morpheme
a morpheme such as un- or -ed that cannot stand alone and must be attatched to another form e.g. undressed.
calque
a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language (e.g. gratte-ciel 'scrape sky' for skyscraper)
clipping
the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form e.g. ad from advertisement
co-articulation
the process of making one sound virtually at the same time as the next sound
coda
the part of the syllable affter the vowel.
conceptual meaning
the basic components of meaning conveyed by the literal use of words
conjuction
a word such as and or boecause used to make connections between words, phrases and sentences
consonat
a speech sound produced by restricting the air flow in some way
conversion
the process of changing the function of a word, such as a noun to a verb, as a way of forming new words, also known as category change or functional shift, facebooking-facebook
corpus linguistics
the study of language in use by analyzing the occurrence and frequency of forms in a large colleciton of texts typically stored in a computer
critical period
the time from birht to puberty during whcih normal first language acquisition can take place
cultural transmission
the process whereby knowledge of a language is passed form one generation to the next
cuneiform
a way of writing created by pressing a wedge-shaped implement into soft clay
deep structure
the underlying structure of sentences as represented by phrase structure rules
dental
a consonant produced with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth (e.g. the first sound in that)
derivation
the process of forming new words by adding affixes
derivational morpheme
a bound morpheme such as -ish used to make new words or words of a different grammatical category (e.g. boyish) in contrast to an inflectional morpheme
descriptive approach
an approach to grammar that is based on a description of the structures actually used in a language, not what should be used, in contrast to the prescriptive approach
diphthong
a sound combination that begins with a vowel and ends witha glid (e.g. boy)
displacement
a property of language that allows users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment
duality
a property of language whereby linguistic forms have two simulataneous levels of sound production and meaning, also called 'double articulation'
elision
the process of leaving out a sound segmen in the pronunciation of a word
eponym
a word derived from the name of a person or place (e.g. sandwich)
etymology
the study of the orgin and history of words
experiencer
the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the entity that has the feeling, perception or state described by the verb (e.g. the boy feels sad)
flap
a sound produced with the tongue tip briefly touching the alveolar ridge
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand by itself as a single word
fricative
a consonant produced by almost blockign the air flow (e.g. the first and last sounds in five)
functional morpheme
a free morpheme that is used as a function word, such as a conjunction (and) or preposition (in)
generative grammar
a set of rules defining the possible sentences in a language
glides
sounds produced with the tongue in motion to or from a vowel sound, also called 'emi-vowels' or 'approximants' (the first sounds in wet, yes)
glottal
a sound produced in the space between the vocal cords (the first sound in hat)
glottal stop
a sound produced when the air passing through the glottis is stopped completely then released
glottis
the space between the vocal cords
goal
the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying where an entity moves to (the boy walked to the window)
gradable antonyms
words with opposite meanings along a scale
grammar
the analysis of the structure of phrases and sentences
homonyms
two words witht he same form that are unrelated in meaning (mole on skin - mole small animal0
homophones
two words iwth different forms and the same sound - to-too-two
hypocorism
a word formation process in which a longer word is reducedc to a shorter form with -y or ie at the end (telly, movie)
hyponomy
the lexical relation in which the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another (daffodil is a hyponym of flower)
ideogram
a way of writing in which each symbol represents a concept.
infix
a morpheme inserted in the middle of a word
innateness hypothesis
the idea that humans are genetically equipped to acquire language
inflectional morpheme
a bound morpheme used to indicate the grammatical funciton of a word, also called and 'infleciton' (e.g. dogs walked)
instrument
the semantic orle of the noun phrase identify the entity taht is used to perform the aciton of the ver (the boy cut the rope with a razor)
interdental
a consonant produced with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teeth (the first sound in that)
labiodental
a consonant produced with the upper teeth and the lower lip (the first sounds in very funny)
larynx
the part of the throat that contains the vocal cords, also called the voice box
lexical morpheme
a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb
liquid
a sound produced by letting air flow around the sides of the tongue (the first sound in lip)
logogram
a way of writing in which each symbol represents a word
morphology
the analysis of the structure of words
nucleus
the vowel in a syllable
onset
the part of the syllabel before the vowel
palatal
a consonant produced by raising the tongue to the palate,
phonetics
the study of the characterisistcs of speech sounds
phonology
the study of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in languages
pictogram
a way of writing in which a spicture/drawing of an object is used to represent the object
phoneme
the smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in the abstract reprentation of the sounds of a language
polysemy
a word having two or more related meaning (foot of a bed, of a person)
rebus writing
a way of writing in which a pictorial representation of an object is used dto indicate the sound of the word for that object.
stop
a consonant produced by stopping the air flow, then letting it go, also called 'plosive' (the first and last sounds in cat)
syntax
the structure of phrases and sentences
theme
the semantic role of the noun phrases used to identify the entity involved in or affected by the action of the verb in an event (the boy kicked THE BALL)
velar
a consonant sound produced by the raising the back of the ongue to the velum
velum
the soft area at the back of the roof of the mouth, also called teh 'soft plate'
uvula
the small appendage at the end of the velum