The Sponges

Front 1

Demospongiae

Back 1

Class of the commercial sponge

Front 2

Class of sponge with calclium carbonate spicules

Back 2

Calcarea

Front 3

Skeletal structure in some sponges

Back 3

Spicules

Front 4

Sponges that have seperate sexes

Back 4

Dioecious

Front 5

Where water exits the sponge

Back 5

Osculum

Front 6

Type of asexual reproduction used by sponges

Back 6

Budding

Front 7

Creates the current of the sponge

Back 7

Collarcell

Front 8

Cavity in the sponge

Back 8

Spongocoel

Front 9

Re-growing lost parts

Back 9

Regeneration

Front 10

only moble stage of a sponge

Back 10

Larval

Front 11

Sodium

Back 11

Improves optical qaulities of silica sponge fibers

Front 12

Flagellum

Back 12

Whip-like tail

Front 13

Sessile

Back 13

Lifesytle of a sponge

Front 14

Amoebocyte

Back 14

Sponge cell that secretes spicules

Front 15

Gemmule

Back 15

Protective cell packet

Front 16

Eupkectella

Back 16

Genus of the sponge given as a wedding gift

Front 17

Spongic

Back 17

Protein fiber skeleton found in commercial sponges

Front 18

Porocells

Back 18

Allows water to enter the sponge

Front 19

Silica

Back 19

Composition of the skeleton of the class Hexactinellida

Front 20

Porifera

Back 20

Sponge phylum

Front 21

Mesohyl

Back 21

Jelly-like noncellular layer

Front 22

Sponge with a great amount of folding

Back 22

Leuconoid

Front 23

Describe the three layers of the sponge body plan.

Back 23

Sponges are loosely organized groups of cells. They have no true tissues or organs. Sponges consist of a body wall of 3 layers (2 cell layers surrounding a jellylike mesohyl layer). has cavities called atria or spongocoel. Water exits the sponge through one or more large openings called oscula (singular is osculum)

Front 24

What is the purpose of the atria (spongocoel) in a sponge?

Back 24

the cells can be in contact with the water which allows the diffusion of gases and nutrients across each cell membrane.

Front 25

Describe the path that water takes through a sponge.

Back 25

Water is kept constantly flowing through a sponge. It enters the sponge through hollow cells called pore cells. It moves through the atria. Water exits the sponge through one or more large openings called oscula

Front 26

Describe the structure of a choanocyte.

Back 26

They are flagellated cells. They whip their flagella constantly to create a current which pulls water into the sponge through the pore cells. Besides creating a current, these cells have another function. They trap food in their sticky collar-like extensions.

Front 27

How is the current created that brings water (and food) into the sponge?

Back 27

they whip their flagella constantly to create a current which pulls water into the spinge throught the pore cells

Front 28

What is mesohyl?

Back 28

It is a noncellular jellylike layer

Front 29

What are the three classes of sponge and what is the skeleton of each made of?

Back 29

Class Calcarea includes sponges which have calcium carbonate spicules
ClassHexactinellida are sponges which have fused silica spicules (Venus' flower basket)
Class Demospongiae includes sponges with a support of spongin mesh. These are the commercial sponges

Front 30

What are the three levels of folding in sponge from least to most?

Back 30

Asconoid have no folds. Synconoid sponges have some folds. Leuconoid sponges have complex folds.

Front 31

What cell is responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes in a sponge?

Back 31

amoebocytes

Front 32

What is the skeleton of a member of the Class Hexactinellida composed of?

Back 32

Fussed silica

Front 33

How are sponges different from other filter feeders?

Back 33

They are not restricted to areas in the ocean in which currents exist.

Front 34

What cell is responsible for secreting spicules in a sponge?

Back 34

Ameobcytes