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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spinal Cord |
- Site for integration of neuronal stimulation - Relays sensory nerve impulses - contains neural circuits that control some of your quickest reaction to environmental changes |
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The spinal cord integrates reflexes that are... |
...most critical to survival before even the brain gets involved - when damage yourself- send sensory info to spinal cord and the spinal cord sends motor info to skeletal issue: withdraw limb before brain even knows it Ow - brain, Action - SC |
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Protective Structures of Spinal Cord |
- Vertebral Column - Meninges - Spaces |
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Vertebral Column |
bone that encases spinal cord vertebra |
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Meninges |
- underneath vertebral column (under every vertebra) - Dura Mater - Arachnoid Mater - Pia Mater |
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Dura Mater |
- 1st layer (outermost) - Thick/white structure that encloses CNS - Really durable and strong - blood vessels embedded within |
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Arachnoid Mater |
- Lies deep to dura mater - Thin spider web like stuff - Has wispy spaces because it is filled with CSF - Where brain and spinal cord floats |
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Pia Mater |
- Innermost layer - Super thin and transparent - Sits right on top of brain and spinal cord to provide CNS with lots of blood vessels - Denticulate Ligaments - Filum Terminale |
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Denticulate Ligaments |
- lateral extensions of pia mater at every single spinal segment - fuse to every vertebrae and hold S.C. in place laterally |
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Filum Terminale |
- caudal extensions of pia mater - fuse to coccyx (anchors coccyx to cord inferiorly) |
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Spaces: |
Separate meninges - Epidural - Subarachnoid - Subdural |
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Epidural |
- between bone and dura mater - Adipose CT |
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Subarachnoid |
- sits between arachnoids - CSF |
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Subdural |
- between dura and arachnoid |
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Length of the adult spinal cord is... ends... |
from 42-45 cm (16-18 in) Ends around L1 or L2 |
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Diameter of Spinal Cord |
- 2 cm (.75 in) in the midthoracic region (widest region) |
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Cervical Enlargement |
- where all nerves from brachial plexus enters the core - More nerves=bigger core - laterally flat (all of upper limb) |
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Lumbar Enlargement |
- where all nerves from lumbar plexus enter core - anteriorly/posteriorly fat = harder to see |
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Conus Medullaris |
- pointed tip on end of spinal cord - around L1 or L2 |
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Cauda Equina |
- Horse Tail - make lumbar plexus/sacral plexus |
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Horns: Gray Matter |
- Anterior/Ventral: motor neuron cell bodies - Posterior/Dorsal: interneurons - Lateral: motor neuron cell bodies |
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AMF |
- Anterior Median Fissure (Adios Mother F) |
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PMS |
- Posterior Median Sulcus |
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Tracts |
- bundles of axons in CNS - Ascending and Descending |
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What do Spinal nerves do? |
they connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands in all parts of body 31 pairs = 62 total |
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Nerve |
- organ - axon and associated nerve fibers |
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# 1 tissue in a nerve |
- Connective Tissue (Dense regular and areolar) - bundle all axons together to keep organized - get blood vessels to axons to provide glucose and oxygen |
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Endoneurium |
- Exterior to myelin - every individual axon in nerve has own personal CT wrapped around it |
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Perineurium |
- CT wrapped around fascicle |
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Fasciculi (fascicle) |
- group of about 10 axons wrapped and bundled together |
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Epineurium |
- bundles together groups of fascicles - wraps around entire nerve |
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Putting CT on multiple levels... |
...bring blood vessels in close contact to every neuron |
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Anterior/ventral roots |
- motor info (cell bodies in cord = don't see swelling/ganglia) |
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Posterior/dorsal roots |
- sensory info to cord |
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Ganglion |
- cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside of the CNS (in PNS) |
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Nucleus/Nucleons |
- A cluster of neuronal cell bodies (gray usually) inside the CNS |
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Ramus |
- branch of nerve |
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Posterior/dorsal ramus |
- back branches (true back muscles) |
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Anterior/ventral ramus |
- much bigger and go out to rest of body |
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Rami Communicantes (Ramus Communicans) |
- branches off of spinal nerves that mostly go out to sympathetic ganglia that sit about 1 inch from spinal cord on either side (usually to front of body) |
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Sympathetic Chain Ganglion |
- contains cell bodies of sympathetic, autonomic, motor neurons |
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Plexuses |
- groups of intertwined axons and nerves that arise from ventral nerve roots - no intertwining in thoracic |
