The Special Senses: The Eyes

Front 1

a-, an-

Back 1

without

Front 2

bi-, bin-

Back 2

two

Front 3

e-

Back 3

to remove

Front 4

intra-

Back 4

within

Front 5

para-

Back 5

near; alongside; departure; from normal

Front 6

blephar

Back 6

eyelid

Front 7

conjunctiv

Back 7

to bind together; conjunctiva

Front 8

cor; core

Back 8

pupil

Front 9

corne

Back 9

horny; cornea

Front 10

dacry

Back 10

tear

Front 11

dipl

Back 11

double

Front 12

fovea

Back 12

small pit

Front 13

humor

Back 13

fluid

Front 14

ir; irid

Back 14

rainbow; iris

Front 15

kerat

Back 15

hard; cornea

Front 16

lacrim

Back 16

tear

Front 17

nyct; nyctal

Back 17

night; nocturnal

Front 18

ocul,opt,ophthalm

Back 18

eye

Front 19

phac, phak

Back 19

lens

Front 20

phot

Back 20

light

Front 21

presby

Back 21

old age

Front 22

retin

Back 22

net; retina

Front 23

scler

Back 23

thick; hard; sclera

Front 24

stigmat

Back 24

point

Front 25

ton

Back 25

tone; tension; pressure

Front 26

vitr; vitre

Back 26

glassy

Front 27

-algia

Back 27

pain

Front 28

-opia

Back 28

vision

Front 29

-phobia

Back 29

fear

Front 30

-plegia

Back 30

paralysis

Front 31

-ptosis

Back 31

condition of falling or drooping

Front 32

-rrhagia

Back 32

bleeding; hemorrhage

Front 33

-rrhea

Back 33

excessive discharge (of fluid)

Front 34

a layer of epithelium covering the inner surfaces of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye

Back 34

conjunctiva

Front 35

the anterior part of the fibrous layer, it is a transparent covering over the iris and pupil

Back 35

cornea

Front 36

a small depression in part of the retina where cones are in greatest abindance, making it the area of highest visual acuity

Back 36

fovea centralis

Front 37

a gelatinous mass in the posteriorcavity of the eye

Back 37

vitreous humor

Front 38

a watery fluid int he anterior chamber of the eye

Back 38

aqueous humor

Front 39

a ring of smooth muscle that forms the colored part of the eye

Back 39

iris

Front 40

tear glands located near the dorsolateral surface of the eye; lacrimal ducts carry the tear from the glands to wash over the anterior surface of the eye

Back 40

lacrimal glands

Front 41

pertaining to within the eye

Back 41

intraocular

Front 42

nerve pathway from the retina where photoreceptors are absent due to the origin of the optic nerve

Back 42

optic nerve

Front 43

thin film of neurons at the back of the eye containing the photoreceptor

Back 43

retina

Front 44

the "blind spot" it is a small region of the retina where photoreceptors are absent due to the origin of the optic nerve

Back 44

optic disc

Front 45

the tough, white outer covering of the eye

Back 45

sclera

Front 46

a narrow cavity between the cornea an the iris

Back 46

anterior chamber

Front 47

thin layer of connective tissue that is rich in blood vessels; located behind the retina

Back 47

cones

Front 48

outer layer of the eye, it is composed of fibrous connective tissue and includes the cornea and sclera

Back 48

fibrous layer

Front 49

disk shaped transparent structure located behind the pupil, which is supended by ligaments that are attached to ciliary muscles (contraction of the ciliary muscles changes the shape of the lens)

Back 49

lens

Front 50

named after Heinrich Meibom, who first described them in 1683, they are small oil glands in the edge of the eyelids that helps lubricate the eye

Back 50

meibomian glands

Front 51

large cavity of the eye posterior to the lens

Back 51

posterior cavity

Front 52

opening at the center of the iris that allows light to pass through; the pupil size is regulated by the nervous control of the iris.

Back 52

pupil

Front 53

rod shaped photoreceptors that are very sensitive to light, but only perceive black and white

Back 53

rods

Front 54

the middle layer of the eye which includes the iris, pupil, lens and choroid

Back 54

vascular layer

Front 55

quality or sharpness of vision

Back 55

Visual Acuity (VA)

Front 56

eyestrain

Back 56

asthenopia

Front 57

drooping of the eyelid

Back 57

blepharoptosis

Front 58

normal condition of the eye

Back 58

emmetropia (Em)

Front 59

condition of white in the pupil

Back 59

leukocoria

Front 60

pain associated with the eye

Back 60

ophthalmalgia

Front 61

hemorrhage (bleeding) of the eye

Back 61

ophthalmorrhagia

Front 62

defective curvature of the reflactive surface of the eye

Back 62

astigmatism (Ast)

Front 63

inflammation of the eyelid

Back 63

blepharitis

Front 64

reduction of the transparency of the lens

Back 64

cataract

Front 65

localized swelling at the edge of an eyelid caused by obstruction of a meibomian gland

Back 65

chalazion

Front 66

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Back 66

conjunctivitis

Front 67

inflammation of the cornea and iris

Back 67

corneoiritis

Front 68

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Back 68

dacryocystitis

Front 69

separation of the retina from the choroid at the back pf the eye

Back 69

detached retina

Front 70

double vision

Back 70

diplopia

Front 71

inflammation of the internal tissue of the eye

Back 71

endopthalmitis

Front 72

loss of vision resulting from increased intraocular pressure, which damage the optic nerve

Back 72

glaucoma

Front 73

an infection of the meibomian gland causing a local swelling of the eyelid

Back 73

hordeolum (sty)

Front 74

reduced vision with nearby objects

Back 74

hyperopia (farsightedness)

Front 75

paralysis of the eye

Back 75

iridoplegia

Front 76

inflammation of the iris

Back 76

iritis

Front 77

inflammation of the cornea

Back 77

keratitis

Front 78

progressive detrioration of an area of the retina known as the macula lutea, leading to a loss of central vision; the most common cause is age - this is called age-related macular degeneration

Back 78

macular degeneration (ARMD)

Front 79

reduced vision with distant objects

Back 79

myopia (nearsightedness)

Front 80

poor vision at night or in dim light

Back 80

nyctalopia

Front 81

involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eye

Back 81

nystagmus

Front 82

fungal infection of the eye

Back 82

oculomycosis

Front 83

general term for a disease of the eye

Back 83

ophthalmopathy

Front 84

paralysis of the eye affecting the muscles that move the eyeball

Back 84

ophthalmoplegia

Front 85

abnormal fear of light

Back 85

photophobia

Front 86

inflammation of the retina caused by extreme light intensity

Back 86

photoretinitis

Front 87

impaired vision due to aging

Back 87

presbyopia

Front 88

abnormal fold of fibrous tissue extending between the conjunctiva and cornea

Back 88

pterygium

Front 89

inherited disease characterized by night blindness, progressive atrophy, and retina pigment changes

Back 89

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 90

malignant tumor that originates from developing retinal cell

Back 90

retinoblastoma

Front 91

general term for any disease of the retina

Back 91

retinopathy

Front 92

inflammation of the sclera and cornea

Back 92

sclerokeratitis

Front 93

softening of the sclera

Back 93

scleromalacia

Front 94

abnormal blind spot in vision

Back 94

scotoma

Front 95

condition of crossed eyes that is by the visual axes failing to meet at the same point; the condition causes a noticeable squint; heterotropia if both eyes deviate inward or outward, esotropia is one eye deviates outward

Back 95

strabismus

Front 96

surgical repair of the eyelid

Back 96

blepharoplasty

Front 97

excision of a lens that has lost its clarity

Back 97

cataract extraction

Front 98

test of the ability to see the details and shape of the objects from recorded distances

Back 98

distance visual acuity

Front 99

excision of an eyeball from the socket

Back 99

enucleation

Front 100

visual recording of the blood vessels in the retina and choroid using flourenscein dye, which is injected into a vein and circulates through the eye

Back 100

fluorenscein angiography

Front 101

surgical implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens

Back 101

intraocular lens transplant

Front 102

excision of the portion of the iris

Back 102

iridectomy

Front 103

incision into the iris to allow the aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber; usually performed with a laser to treat glaucoma

Back 103

iridotomy

Front 104

procedure using and hand held device called a keratometer, which measures the curvature of the cornea, usually for fitting contact lenses

Back 104

keratometry

Front 105

corneal transplant

Back 105

keratoplasty

Front 106

means laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis; it is the use of a laser to reshape the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct the vision abnormalities, such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism

Back 106

LASIK

Front 107

chemical agent that dilates the pupil

Back 107

mydriatic

Front 108

variety of procedures using specialized instruments to assist in the diagnosis of eye disorders

Back 108

ophthalmic evaluation

Front 109

physician specializing in the treatment of eyes

Back 109

ophthalmologist

Front 110

filed of the medicine focusing on the study of disease related to the eyes

Back 110

ophthalmology

Front 111

use of a hand held instrument with a light called an ophthalmoscope to view the eye's interior

Back 111

ophthalmoscopy

Front 112

technician trained in filling prescriptions for cerrective lenses

Back 112

optician

Front 113

measurement of the vision, usually to measure the equity for prescribing corrective lenses; the process includes the use of an optometer, which measures the range and sharpness of the vision

Back 113

optometry

Front 114

professional- not a physician- trained to examine eyes to correct vision problems and eye disorder

Back 114

optometrist

Front 115

use of ultrasound frequencies to break up a cataract, which is then aspirated and then removed

Back 115

phacoemulsification

Front 116

use of a laser to flatten the corneal surface in an effort to correct for myopia

Back 116

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

Front 117

incisions into the cornea to produce a spoke-like effect, which serves to flatten the cornea and correct for myopia

Back 117

Radial Keratotomy (RK)

Front 118

use of ultrasound frequencies to break up a cataract, which is then aspirated and then removed

Back 118

phacoemulsification

Front 119

repair of a detached retina, in which a portion of the sclera is resected and an implant inserted; the suturing of the implant causes the sclera to buckle slightly

Back 119

scleral buckling

Front 120

use of a laser to flatten the corneal surface in an effort to correct for myopia

Back 120

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

Front 121

high-frequency sound waves used to detect problems associated with the eye like foreign objects, detached retina,.. etc.

Back 121

sonography

Front 122

incisions into the cornea to produce a spoke-like effect, which serves to flatten the cornea and correct for myopia

Back 122

Radial Keratotomy (RK)

Front 123

incision into the tendons of an eye's extrinsinc muscle to correct strabismus (crossed eyes)

Back 123

strabotomy

Front 124

repair of a detached retina, in which a portion of the sclera is resected and an implant inserted; the suturing of the implant causes the sclera to buckle slightly

Back 124

scleral buckling

Front 125

measurement of intraocular pressure, primarily used to test for glaucoma; an instrument called a tonometer is used for this test

Back 125

tonometry

Front 126

high-frequency sound waves used to detect problems associated with the eye like foreign objects, detached retina,.. etc.

Back 126

sonography

Front 127

surgical removal of the vitreous humor

Back 127

vitrectomy

Front 128

incision into the tendons of an eye's extrinsinc muscle to correct strabismus (crossed eyes)

Back 128

strabotomy

Front 129

Ast

Back 129

astigmatism

Front 130

measurement of intraocular pressure, primarily used to test for glaucoma; an instrument called a tonometer is used for this test

Back 130

tonometry

Front 131

Em

Back 131

emmetropia

Front 132

surgical removal of the vitreous humor

Back 132

vitrectomy

Front 133

Ast

Back 133

astigmatism

Front 134

Em

Back 134

emmetropia

Front 135

EENT

Back 135

eyes, ears, nose and throat

Front 136

LASIK

Back 136

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 137

ARMD

Back 137

age-related macular degeneration

Front 138

OD

Back 138

oculus dexter or right eye

Front 139

OS

Back 139

oculus sinister or left eye

Front 140

OU

Back 140

oculus uterque or each eye

Front 141

PRK

Back 141

photorefractive keratotomy

Front 142

RK

Back 142

radial keratotomy

Front 143

VA

Back 143

Visual Acuity