The Skull

Front 1

List the cranial Bones of the Skull

Back 1

Frontal bone
Parital bone (2)
Occipital bone
Sephenoid bone (2)
Ethmoid bone
Temporal Bone

Front 2

List the facial bones

Back 2

Zygomatic bones/cheek bones(2)
Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Inferior Conchae bone (2)
Vomer bone
Maxillae (2)
Mandible

Front 3

Frontal

Back 3

LOCATION: Forehead, extending down to form the upper surfaces of the orbits. Anterior roof of the skull.

Front 4

Ethmoid

Back 4

LOCATION: Floor of the cranium, inferior to the frontal bone and anterior to the sphenoid.
Non-technically: Centre of the face, behind the nose.

FUNCTION: Forms part of the nasal cavity and the orbits.
Main support structure of the nasal cavity

Front 5

Occipital

Back 5

LOCATION: Back and base of the cranium, forms the back of the skull.
Non-technically: Lower back of the head.

FUNCTION: The occipital condyles (rounded surfaces at the base of the occipital bone) articulate with the atlas (first vertebra of the spine), enabling movement of the head relative to the spine.
Has a large opening called the Foramen Magnus which the spinal cord passes through.

Front 6

Parietal

Back 6

LOCATION: Top and sides of the cranium, posterior roof of the skull.

Front 7

Sphenoid

Back 7

LOCATION: Anterior to the temporal bones and forms the base of cranium - behind the orbitals.
Consists of a body, two "wings" and two "pterygoid processes" (not labelled on diagrams) that project downwards.

FUNCTION: Articulates with the frontal, parietal and temporal bones.

Front 8

Temporal

Back 8

LOCATION: Sides of the skull, below the parietal bones, and above and behind the ears

Front 9

Lacrimal

Back 9

LOCATION: Behind and lateral to the nasal bone, also contribute to the orbits.
(Smallest bones in the face.)

FUNCTION: Contain foramina for the nasolacrimal ducts (tear ducts).

Front 10

Mandible

Back 10

LOCATION: Known as the lower jaw bone. Also forms the chin and sides of the face.
(Largest, strongest facial bone.)

FUNCTION: Bone into which the lower teeth are attached.
The only moveable facial bone; motion of this bone is necessary for chewing food (the first stage of the digestion process).
Each side of the mandible has a condyle and a coronoid process. The condyle articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint.

Front 11

Maxilla

Back 11

LOCATION: Upper jaw bone, which also forms the lower parts of the orbits.

FUNCTION: Bone into which the upper teeth are attached.
Each maxilla contains a maxillary sinus that drains fluid into the nasal cavity

Front 12

Nasal

Back 12

LOCATION: Pair of small oblong bones that form the bridge and roof of the nose.

Front 13

Maxilla

Back 13

LOCATION: Upper jaw bone, which also forms the lower parts of the orbits.

FUNCTION: Bone into which the upper teeth are attached.
Each maxilla contains a maxillary sinus that drains fluid into the nasal cavity

Front 14

Palatine

Back 14

LOCATION: Back of the roof of the mouth (hence not illustrated above). Small "L-shaped" bones.

FUNCTION: Form the bottom of the orbitals and nasal cavities, and also the roof of the mouth.

Front 15

Nasal Concha (Turbinator)

Back 15

LOCATION: These terms refer to any of three thin bones that form the sides of the nasal cavity

FUNCTION: Form the nasal cavities

Front 16

Nasal

Back 16

LOCATION: Pair of small oblong bones that form the bridge and roof of the nose.

Front 17

Vomer

Back 17

LOCATION: Thin roughly triangular plate of bone on the floor of the nasal cavity and part of the nasal septum

FUNCTION: Separates the nasal cavities into left and right sides.

Front 18

Palatine

Back 18

LOCATION: Back of the roof of the mouth (hence not illustrated above). Small "L-shaped" bones.

FUNCTION: Form the bottom of the orbitals and nasal cavities, and also the roof of the mouth.

Front 19

Nasal Concha (Turbinator)

Back 19

LOCATION: These terms refer to any of three thin bones that form the sides of the nasal cavity

FUNCTION: Form the nasal cavities

Front 20

Vomer

Back 20

LOCATION: Thin roughly triangular plate of bone on the floor of the nasal cavity and part of the nasal septum

FUNCTION: Separates the nasal cavities into left and right sides.

Front 21

Zygomatic

Back 21

LOCATION: Also known as Zygoma and Malar Bone.
Commonly (non-medically) referred to as the
Cheek Bone because it forms the prominent part of the cheeks. Also contributes to the orbits.

FUNCTION: Articulates with the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid and temporal bones.

Front 22

What are the functions of cranial bones?

Back 22

Protection of the brain;
Inner-surfaces attach to membranes that stabilise the positions of the brain, blood vessels, and nerves;
Outer-surfaces act as areas of attachment for muscles that move the head in various ways;
Protect and support organs for the senses of vision, taste, smell, hearing and equilibrium/balance.

Front 23

What arethe functions of facial bones?

Back 23

Form the mechanical framework of the face;
Protect and support entry points of both the digestive, and the respiratory systems;
Provide attachment for some muscles of facial expression;
Protect and support organs for the senses of vision, taste, smell, hearing and equilibrium/balance

Front 24

Coronal Suture

Back 24

Articulation between the parietal bones and the frontal bone

Front 25

Squamous Suture

Back 25

Articulation between the temporal bones with the parietal bones.

Front 26

Lambdoid Suture

Back 26

Articulation of the parietal bones and the occipital bone

Front 27

Occipitomastoid Suture

Back 27

Articulation between the occipital bone and the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 28

Sagittal Suture

Back 28

You can't really see this one, but it is on the very top of the cranium. The articulation between the parietal bones