The Skull

Front 1

genoid tubercle

Back 1

on the inside of the front of the mandible; insertion of the genial hyoid that moves in phonation and swallowing.

Front 2

mastoid process

Back 2

on the temporal bone; a convex protrustion that is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid. contains air cells or sinuses.

Front 3

zygomatic arch

Back 3

2 pieces, one from the zygomatic process and one from the temporal process. the mandible articulates at each process.

Front 4

sphenoid

Back 4

2; bat-shaped bone that articulates with practically everything inside the head; transversely extends

Front 5

Neurocranium bones

Back 5

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Front 6

frontal bone

Back 6

1; in the front, seperated from the parietal bone by the sagittal suture

Front 7

parietal

Back 7

2; back top of skull; seperated from the frontal bone by the coronal suture; both parietals are seperated by the transverse suture; the back of it is seperated from the occipital bone by the lambdoid suture

Front 8

temporal

Back 8

2; on either side of the skull below the parietal and posterior to the frontal; seperated from the parietal by the squamous sutures

Front 9

occipital

Back 9

at the base of the skull

Front 10

palatine processes

Back 10

actually part of the maxilla bone, the anterior 2/3 of the palatine plate.

Front 11

occipital condyle

Back 11

condyle on the occipital bone, which sits on the first cervical vertebrae, the axis.

Front 12

inion

Back 12

the bump on the base of the posterior skull which articulates with the atlas; aka the external occipital protuberance. (there are two on either side of the foramen magnum.

Front 13

horizontal palatine plate

Back 13

part of the palatine. hte posterior 1/3 of the plate.

Front 14

paranasal sinuses

Back 14

4 Looking from anterior view:
frontal - above the eye sockets
ethmoid - just inferior to that
sphenoidal - posterior and inferior yet
maxillary - either side of the nose, under the eye sockets

Front 15

carotid canal

Back 15

just anterior and lateral to the occipital condyle; the carotid artery runs through it

Front 16

foramen magnum

Back 16

gigantic hold in the back of the head; the brain stem/blood vessels go through it. in the occipital bone

Front 17

jugular foramen

Back 17

still lateral to the occipital condyles, but posterior to the carotid canal

Front 18

internal acoustic meatus

Back 18

a little anterior to the jugular foramen, but much smaller than the carotid canals which are also anterior to the jugular foramen.

Front 19

external acoustic meatus

Back 19

aka external auditory meatus; on outside of temporal bone, surrounds the entry to the tympanic canal.

Front 20

mandible

Back 20

the entire lower jaw; has a body, rami and jaw.

Front 21

mandibular rami

Back 21

extends up posteriorly and superiorly

Front 22

mandibular body

Back 22

supports the teth and meets the ramus at the angle

Front 23

condyloid process

Back 23

on the mandible, extends to the head which articulates with the mandibular fossae of temporal bone - TMJ

Front 24

coronoid processes

Back 24

insertion of the temporalis muscle; extends up right behind the back teeth, where it hides behind the zygomatic arch when the mouth is closed; the insertion of pterygoid muscle

Front 25

mandibular foramen

Back 25

near the posterior/superior end of the inside of the mandible, just behind the teeth but under the coronoid process; AT the start of the rami. passage of blood vessels/nerves to lower teeth (inject here for numbing)

Front 26

mental foramen

Back 26

in the front of the jaw; passageway for sensory nerves to the chin

Front 27

supra/infraorbital foramen

Back 27

supraorbital = actually a notch over the superior eye socket in skull

infraorbital = in the maxilla inferior to the eye socket
Both are for sensory nerves

Front 28

optic foramen

Back 28

aka optic canal
on the medial side of the eye socket, back in there where its hard to see. actually on the anterior/superior part of the sphenoid bone by the sella turcica.

Front 29

foramen rotundum

Back 29

on the sphenoid; anterior, on either side of sella turcica.(where the feet would go in the front) very small hole

Front 30

foramen ovale

Back 30

on the sphenoid; on either side of sella turcica; biggest holes there, very oval-like.

Front 31

foramen lacerum

Back 31

on the sphenoid, on either side of sella turcica, but barely because it makes the posterior border of the edge of the sphenoid bone next to temporal. not regularly-shaped, kind've lacerated.

Front 32

mandibular fossa

Back 32

on the temporal bone; articulates with the mandibular condyle to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is condyloid

Front 33

lateral/medial pterygoid plates, fossa

Back 33

plates are on either side of the fossa, all of which are directly posterior to the last tooth socket. All on the sphenoid bone.

Front 34

styloid process

Back 34

piece of the temporal bone; very thin and breaks off easily. projects anteriorly and inferiorly. is the origin of the hyoid bone by the pharynx, aids in speech.

Front 35

facial bones

Back 35

14
2 zygomatic, 2 maxilla, 2 palatine, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 inferior nasal concha; 1 vomer and 1 mandible.

Front 36

zygomatic bones

Back 36

the lateral surface of the eye socket

Front 37

maxilla

Back 37

above the mouth and on side of nose

Front 38

palatine

Back 38

roof of the pallet of the mouth

Front 39

lacrimal

Back 39

medial border of the eye socket but deeper than the nasal bones, looking at it anteriorly

Front 40

ethmoid

Back 40

superior to the sphenoid, can't see from the front; saddle-shaped

Front 41

nasal

Back 41

at the bridge of nose

Front 42

inferior nasal concha

Back 42

scrolls inside the nose on either side of the vomer; provide eddies of air for better humidification, etc.

Front 43

vomer

Back 43

midline of the nasal cavity, lower than the sagittal plate of the ethmoid

Front 44

mandible

Back 44

jaw, below the mouth

Front 45

Sutures of the skull

Back 45

coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamosal

Front 46

coronal suture

Back 46

between frontal bone from parietal bone

Front 47

sagittal suture

Back 47

seperates the two parietal bones

Front 48

lambdoidal suture

Back 48

seperates the occippital bone from the parietals

Front 49

squamosal

Back 49

seperates the temporal bones from the parietals

Front 50

frontal crest

Back 50

crest on the frontal bone

Front 51

crista galli

Back 51

crest on the ethmoid that droops down to form the cribiform plate

Front 52

cribiform plate

Back 52

a continuation of the crista galli on the ethmoid; it's perforated for nerves that percieve smell

Front 53

sella turcica

Back 53

the turkish saddle, anterior superior portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

Front 54

cranial fossae

Back 54

anterior = frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
middle = sphenoid, temporal
posterior = temporal, occipital

Front 55

anterior cranial fossae

Back 55

frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid

Front 56

middle cranial fossae

Back 56

parietal, temporal

Front 57

posterior cranial fossae

Back 57

occipital, temporal

Front 58

petrous ridge

Back 58

the hardest bone in the body; on the petrous part, the most massive portion of the temporal bone that protecs the hearing/balance sense organs

Front 59

calvaria

Back 59

the top of the skull