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32 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
List the 6 different tissues that make up bone.
bone or osseous tissue
cartilage
dense connective tissue
epithelium
adipose tissue
nervous tissue
What is "remodeling" of bone?
the construction of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue
What is the "skeletal system"?
the entire framework of bones and their cartilages
What is "osteology"?
the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders
Bone tissue makes up what % of weight of the human body?
18%
What are the six basic functions of the skeletal system?
support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
Explain: skeletal support.
structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues & providing attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles
Explain: skeletal protection.
protects the most important internal organs from injury: cranial bones->brain; vertebrae->spinal cord
Explain: skeletal assistance in movement.
most skeletal muscles attach to bones; they contract-pull on bones to produce movement
Explain: skeletal mineral homeostasis
on demand, bone releases stored minerals (calcium & phosphorus)into blood to maintain critical mineral balances & to distribute minerals throughout body
Explain: skeletal blood cell production.
red bone marrow (CT) produces red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets [hemopoiesis]
What elements make up red bone marrow?
developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrapages within a network of reticular fibers
Where is red bone marrow located?
fetus: developing bones
adult: pelvis, ribs, breastbone, vertebrae, skull, ends of bones of the arm & thigh
Explain: skeletal Triglyceride storage.
Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides--a potential chemical emergy reserve
What is a long bone?
one that has greater length than width
What are the 7 parts of a long bone?
diphysis,epiphyses,metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum
What is: diaphysis?
the bone's shaft or body--the long cylindrical, main portion of bone
What is: epiphyses?
the distal and proximal ends of the bone
What is: metaphyses?
regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis
What is an epiphyseal plate?
a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of bone to grow in length--found in metaphysis
What is an epiphyseal line?
the bony structure left when bone ceases to grow in length (age 18-21)and the cartilage is replaced by bone
What is: articular cartilage?
a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone
What is the purpose of articular cartilage?
reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints
What is: periosteum?
a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage
How do the bone-forming cells of the periosteum grow?
in thickness, not in length
What is the function of the periosteum?
protects bone, assists in fracture repair, helps nourish bone tissue, serves as an attachment point for ligaments & tendons
What are perforating (Sharpey's) fibers?
thick bundles of collagen fiers that extend from the periosteum into extracellular bone matrix
what is the function of perforating (Sharpey's) fibers?
attaches periosteum to underlying bone
What is the medullary cavity?
the space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
What is another name for the medullary cavity?
marrow cavity
What is the endosteum?
a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
What is contained within the endosteum?
a single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue