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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Anasazi |
1) Utah and Arizona area 2) cliff dwellers 3) hot and dry climate 4) ate/grew corn using irrigation 5) clay houses |
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Algonquin |
1) east coast including Virginia 2) hunted, fished, and farmed 3) led by Chief Powhatan |
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The Iroquois |
1) upstate New York into Canada 2) hunted, fished, and farmed 3) representative government 4) valued women- Matrilineal Society |
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Columbus |
1) explored for Spain 2) encountered the New World 3) originally from Italy 4) wanted to find Asia |
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The Impact of Columbus |
1) sparked trans-Atlantic exploration and settlement 2) encountered what the Europeans considered new lands (new continents), labeled New World 3) sparked the Colombian Exchange |
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Colombian Exchange: Plants |
From Old World: Wheat and sugar From New World: Corn and potatoes |
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Colombian Exchange: Animals |
From Old World: Horses and pigs From New World: Turkey and Llamas |
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Colombian Exchange: Technology |
From Old World: Navigation tools and guns From New World: Nothing |
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Colombian Exchange: Disease |
From Old World: Small Pox and Malaria (kills 90% of Native Americans) From New World: Polio and Syphilis |
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Spanish Exploration |
1) focused on Central and South America 2) explored because of gold, God, and glory 3) treated the Native Americans very brutally- they enslaved them, raped the women, and burned their villages |
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French Exploration |
1) focused on Canada and the St. Lawrence river 2) were friendly with the Native Americans |
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Factors that influenced the English to explore |
1) spread Protestantism 2) competition with Spain- in 1588 the English defeated the Spanish Armada 3) economic development- the need for resources specifically wood to build ships |
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Discourse of Western Planting |
1) written by Richard Hakluyt 2) gives arguments about why England needs to settle the New World such as raw resources, get rid of prisoners, build ports, trade with Indians, and spread religion |
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The Headright System |
If people could pay for a voyage to the New World then you were given 50 acres of free land in the New World. Wanted to get more settlers to come to the New World |
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The Banner Year |
1) 1619 2) Brideships- ships full of women that were full of women that were auctioned off to men 3) creation of the House of Burgesses- the first representative government in English North America 4) the arrival of the first African slaves that were put to work on tobacco fields |
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Opechancanough's War |
1) 1622 2) attacked Jamestown and killed over 300 settlers including John Rolfe 3) the settlers won by poisoning the Indians water supply and the settlers pushed the Powhatan back further |
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Virginia becomes a ? colony |
1) royal 2) 1624 3) King James took the colony |
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Pilgrims |
Thought the Church of England was too corrupt; wanted to separate. |
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Puritans |
Thought the Church of England was corrupt but could be fixed. |
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Major beliefs of the Pilgrims and the Puritans |
1) critical of the Church of England- thought it was too much like the Catholic Church 2) pre-destination- the idea that God has already determined whether you are going to Heaven or Hell 3) church visible (church on Earth) and church invisible (church in Heaven)- act like you are in church invisible 4) left England for religious freedom |
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Settlement of the Pilgrims |
1) settled in Plymouth Rock 2) came over on the Mayflower 3) led by William Bradford 4) created a covenant community- a community based on an agreement with God 5) Mayflower Compact set government |
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Settlement of the Puritans |
1) settled in Massachusetts Bay 2) led by John Winthrop- wanted to create a model Christian community 3) between 1630-1640 approximately 20,000 moved to Massachusetts |
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Dissenters |
People banished from the Puritan communtity |
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Roger Williams |
1) Puritan minister 2) wanted separation of church and state (church leaders ran the government) 3) was banished from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island |
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Anne Hutcherson |
1) challenged Puritan ministers 2) hosted debates about the sermons 3) challenged her role as a women 4) killed by Indians |
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Jamestown |
1) settled for gold 2) settled by men 3) followed the Church of England 4) unhealthy climate (higher death rate) |
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New England |
1) settled for religious freedom 2) settled by families 3) wanted to purify/separate from the Church of England 4) healthier climate (lower death rate) |
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Both Jamestown and New England |
1) both faced conflict with yet depended upon Indians 2) established local government 3) permanent settlements which influenced the development of American ideas |
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New England Colonies |
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Conneticut |
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Middle Colonies |
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware |
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Southern Colonies |
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia |
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Timeline of Jamestown |
1) Settlers left England- December 1606 2) Arrived at the Chesapeake Bay- April 1607 3) Famine sets in- September 1607 4) John Smith became the leader- 1608 5) John Smith returned to England- Fall 1609 6) The Starving Time- Winter 1610 7) New leadership and supplies |
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Joint-stock company |
Investors supply money to fund settlements in order to get rich |
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Virginia Company of London |
The joint-stock company that funded Jamestown |
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Captain John Smith |
A soldier who served as the leader of Jamestown Said "If you don't work you don't eat" Traded with the Indians |
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Chief Powhatan |
The leader of the Algonquin |
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Pocahontas |
Chief Powhatan's daughter who convinced her father to trade with Jamestown |
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Bartholomew Gosnold |
Original leader of Jamestown and organized the Virginia Company of London |
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"Starving Time" |
The winter of 1610 when 70% of the settlers passed away |
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John Rolfe |
Married Pocahontas and he introduced tobacco to the colony Killed the Indians |
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What problems did the English expect to find upon the arrival in America? |
The Spanish |
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How did the English settlers believe the Native Americans would treat them? |
They thought that they would welcome them and feed them. |
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What was the harsh reality of the Jamestown settlement? Why were there so many problems? |
There was a drought, drinking salt water, hunger, attacks from the Natives, heat, and disease. They were not prepared. |
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How did the English attempt to solve the problems in their settlement? |
Supply ships, willingness to eat anything, surgery, trading with the Natives, and building a fort. |
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What role did Captain John Smith play in the survival of the settlement? Why did he leave? |
He made the men work for food and traded with the Indians. He also mapped the Chesapeake Bay. He left due to a leg injury. |
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What ultimately saved Jamestown? |
Tobacco |
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Reasons for Establishment |
New England- Religious freedom Middle- Religious freedom and economic opportunity Southern- economic opportunity |
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How New England people made a living |
Mixed economy Traded, Hunted, Fished, Built ships, Lumbered, Subsistence farmed, and eventually manufactoring |
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How Middle colonies made a living |
Mixed economy Large farming- tobacco Big cities- New York City and Philadelphia |
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How the Southern colonies made a living |
Eastern lowlands: cash crops- tobacco, indigo, and rice Slave labor Near Appalachians: hunting and subsistence farming |
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Socials of New England |
Socials status based upon church standing Puritans were dominant Created public schools- high literacy rates so they were able to read the Bible |
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Socials of Middle colonies |
Religious diversity New Jersey- Presbyterians Pennsylvania- Quakers New York- Jews and Huguenots Ethnic diversity Middle class |
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Socials of Southern colonies |
Social status based upon land ownership and family name Close ties to the Church of England |
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Politics of New England |
Legislative Assembly Town Meetings |
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Politics of Middle colonies |
Legislative Assembly Most adult white males can vote |
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Politics of Southern colonies |
Legislative Assembly Planter elite who voted (rich, white men) |
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Both New England and The Middle Colonies |
Mixed economy and religious freedom |
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Both Middle and Southern colonies |
Large farming (mostly tobacco) and economic opportunity |
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Both New England and Southern |
Restrictions placed upon voters |
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All three colonies |
Legislative Assembly, subsistence farming, and hunting |
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Explain three problems the early Jamestown settlers faced. How did they attempt to overcome such difficulties? |
Hunger- traded with the Indians Attacks from the Indians- built a fort Too many people unwilling to work- John Smith made them work for food |
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Compare and contrast the early settlements of Jamestown and New England. |
Jamestown settled for gold- New England settled for religious freedom Jamestown settled by men- New England settled by families Jamestown followed the Church of England- New England wanted to purify/ separate from the Church of England Both established local government Both faced conflict with the Natives but depended upon them |
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Describe 3 reasons why 1619 was important in Jamestown. |
Banner Year Brideships brought over ships full of women who were auctioned off to men The House of Burgesses was created The arrival of the first African slaves that were put to work in tobacco fields |
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What was the English's initial attempt at settling the New World? |
Roanoke Island |
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Which of the following had the biggest impact on Native American cultural diversity prior to 1492? |
Environmental conditions |
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Which pairing is a correct match for items traded on the Columbian Exchange? |
From the New World- Potatoes |
