The Secondary-Empire

Front 1

secondary empire

Back 1

secondary in the sense that it was based on the military technology of Europe, but not controlled directly by a European power in the manner of the primary colonial empires of the period after 1880.

Front 2

secondary empires were brought about by:

Back 2

Industrial Europe and its advancements in weaponry and tactics. As guns evolved so did secondary empires.

Front 3

impi

Back 3

the famous Zulu age-grade regiment, which was a result of the new shorter, hand to hand combat spear.

Front 4

Shaka

Back 4

1818 ruler of Zulu, militarily aggressive. Instigated wars in northern Natal.

Front 5

Mfecane

Back 5

Natal wars, conquest, forced migrations, and regroupings.

Front 6

Moshweshwe

Back 6

Sotho leader, founded Lesotho.

Front 7

Boer secondary empire

Back 7

Boer controlled empire by Afrikaners.

Front 8

Cape colored

Back 8

racial mixture between whites, Koikhoi, and the slaves produced the racial group.

Front 9

Trekboer

Back 9

nomadic pastoral descendants of many diverse groups.

Front 10

the Great Trek

Back 10

the Trekboer's movement north partially in response to Britain's outlaw of slavery, led to secondary empire, and a new inter cultural system.

Front 11

Muhammad Ali

Back 11

military leader in Ottoman Egypt, strong army led to secondary empire.

Front 12

informal empire

Back 12

indirect control similar to secondary empire

Front 13

Sultan Seyyid Said

Back 13

Omani sultan, set up secondary empire on Zanzibar.