The Science Of Psychology 5Th Edition Chapter 1

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

The study of mental activity and behavior

Hint 1

Study of what you think and do

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psychological Science

Back 2

The study through research, of mind, brain, and behavior.

Hint 2

The study of three things done through research.

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mind

Back 3

Refers to mental activity

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Behavior

Back 4

Describes the totality of observable human (or animal) actions.

Hint 4

Describes what?

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Amiable Skepticism

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Remain open to new ideas but is wary of new "scientific findings" when good evidence and sound reasoning do not seem to support them.

Hint 5

This trait combines openness and wariness.

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Critical Thinking

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To systematically question and evaluate information using well-supported evidence.

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Psychological Reasoning

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Using psychological research to examine how people typically think, to understand when and why they are likely to draw erroneous conclusions.

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Logical reasoning

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Using psychological research to examine how people typically think, to understand when and why they are likely to draw erroneous conclusions.

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Culture

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The beliefs, values, rules, and Customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment.

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Nature/nurture debate

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The arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture.

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Mind/body problem

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A fundamental psychological issue: our mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain subjective experience?

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psychological reasoning skill-Misunderstanding or not using statistics

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For example a blackjack player wins three hands in a row and lowers her bet, assuming the next hand must be a loser.

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Introspection

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A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences they require people to interest back to report on the content of their thoughts.

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Founded modern experimental psychology.

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Structuralism

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An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components.

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William James

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In 1890, James published the first major overview of psychology. Many of his ideas have passed the test of time. And there isn't about how the mind works, he moved psychology behind structuralism and into functionalism.

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Mary Whiton Calkins

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Calkins was an important early contributor to psychological science and was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.

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Stream of consciousness

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A phrase coined by William James to describe each person's continuous series of ever-changing thoughts.

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Charles Darwin

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Introduce in On the Origin of Species, Darwin's theory of evolution has had a huge impact on how psychologist think about the mind.

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Evolutionary theory

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Hey theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity, and behavior.

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Adaptations

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In evolutionary theory, the physical characteristics, skills, or abilities that increase the chances of reproduction or survival and are therefore likely to be passed along to Future Generations.

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Natural selection

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In evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environment have a selective advantage over those who do not.

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Gestalt theory

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A theory based on the idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of its constituent elements.

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Unconscious

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The place where mental processes operate below the level of conscious awareness.

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Psychoanalysis

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A method developed by Sigmund Freud the attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed.

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Behaviorism

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The psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing observable behavior.

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Sigmund Freud

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Freud was the father of psychoanalytical theory. His worked hugely influence psychology in the 20th century.

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John B. Watson

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Watson developed and promoted behaviorism. His views were Amplified by thousands of psychologists including B. F. Skinner.

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George A. Miller

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In 1957, Miller launched the cognitive revolution by establishing the Center for Cognitive science at Harvard University.

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Cognitive psychology

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The study of mental functions such as intelligent, thinking, language, memory, and decision-making.

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cognitive neuroscience

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The study of neural mechanisms underlying thought, learning, perception, language, and memory.

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Kurt Lewin

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Lewin Pioneer the use of experimentation to test social psychological hypotheses about how people influence each other.

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social psychology

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The study of how people influence others people's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

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personality psychology

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The study of characteristic thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and people and how they vary across social situations.