The School Years: Biosocial Development Nasn Review

Front 1

Middle-Childhood

Back 1

The period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from age 7 to 11.

Front 2

Overweight

Back 2

In an adult, having a BMI (body mass index) of 25-29. In a child being above the 85th percentile based on the U.S Centers for Disease Control's 1980 standards for his or her age and sex.

Front 3

Obesity

Back 3

In an adult, having a BMI (body mass index) of 30 or more. In a child, being above the 95th percentile, based on the U.S. Center for Disease Control's 1980 standards for his or her age and sex.

Front 4

Asthma

Back 4

A chronic disease fo the respiratory system in which inflamation narrows the airways from the lungs to the nose and mouth, causing difficulty in breathing. Signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Front 5

Reaction Time

Back 5

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a reflexive movement such as an eye blink) or cognitively (with a thought).

Front 6

Selective Attention

Back 6

The abilty to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others.

Front 7

Automatization

Back 7

A process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought.

Front 8

Aptitude

Back 8

The potential to master a particular skill or to learn a particular body of knowledge.

Front 9

IQ Tests

Back 9

Tests designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or abilty to learn in school. Originally, intelligence was defined as mental age divided by chornological age, times 100 - hence the term intelligence quotient, or IQ.

Front 10

Achievement Tests

Back 10

Measures of mastery or proficiency in reading, math, writing, science, or any other subject.

Front 11

Flynn Effect

Back 11

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in developed nations.

Front 12

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Back 12

An IQ test designed for school-age children. The test assesses potential in many areas, including vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and spatial comprehension.

Front 13

Mental Retardation

Back 13

Literally, slow, or late, thinking. In practice, people that fall into this category score below 70 on an IQ test and are markedly behind their peers in adaptation to daily life.

Front 14

Children with Special Needs

Back 14

Children who, because of a physical or mental disability, require extra help in order to learn.

Front 15

Developmental Psychopathology

Back 15

The field that uses insights into typical development to study and treat developmental disorders, and vice versa.

Front 16

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)

Back 16

The American Psychiatric Association's official guide to the diagnosis (not treatment) of mental disorders.

Front 17

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Back 17

A condition in which a person not only has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.

Front 18

Comorbidity

Back 18

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.

Front 19

Learning Disability

Back 19

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.

Front 20

Dyslexia

Back 20

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

Front 21

Autism

Back 21

A developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorbtion, and an inability to acquire normal speech.

Front 22

Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Back 22

Any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, unusual communication, and abnormal play.

Front 23

Asperger Syndrome

Back 23

A specific type of autistic spectrum disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.

Front 24

Individual Education Plan (IEP)

Back 24

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs.

Front 25

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Back 25

A legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn.

Front 26

Resource Room

Back 26

A room in which trained teachers help children with special needs, using specialized curricula and equipment.

Front 27

Inclusion

Back 27

An approach to educating children with special needs in which they are included in regular clasrooms, with "appropriate aids and services, " as required by law.

Front 28

What accounts for variations in growth during middle childhood?

Back 28

Genes affect:
1) activity level
2) food preferences
3) body type
4) metabolic rate

Environmental influences such as:
1) parents' and grandparent's diets
2) 2+ hours of TV/day
3) 2+ servings of soda
4) poor quality food (high calorie, low nutrition "junk food")

Front 29

Describe normal physical growth during middle childhood.

Back 29

Growth rate slows down, muscles become stronger though and lung capacity expands.

Front 30

What are the physical and psychological impacts of obesity?

Back 30

Physical:
1) exercise less
2) have high blood pressure
3) both of which increases risk of health problems in adulthood such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

Psychological:
1) School achievement decreases
2) Self-esteem falls
3) Loneliness rises

Front 31

What are the physical and psychological impacts of asthma?

Back 31

Physical - chronic, difficulty breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, hospitalization
Psychological - socioeconomic status (get healthcare or not, prevention measures); attitude of parents regarding healthcare, drugs, and doctors

Front 32

What are the physical and psychological impacts of chronic illness?

Back 32

Physical:
1) limits active play
2) impedes focused attention
3) prevents regular school attendence

Psychological:
1) increases self-consciousness
2) has social side effects
3) impaired learning
4) alters peer acceptance

Front 33

What is the developmental psychopathology perspective?

Back 33

One portion of the science of development that tries to understand the nature, origins, and consequences of individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation over time.

Front 34

How is the developmental psychopathology perspsective used in treating children with special needs?

Back 34

No one is typical in every way, that passage of time sometimes brings improvement and somtimes not. An Individual education plan (IEP) is developed and learning takes place in the least restrictive environment (LRE). Mainstreaming and inclusion are common today.

Front 35

What is the FTO allele associated with?

Back 35

Obesity

Front 36

What 4 lessons do developmental psychopathology apply to everyone?

Back 36

1) Abnormality is normal
2) Disability changes year by year.
3) Adulthood may be better or worse.
4) Diagnosis depends on the social context.

Front 37

What is the most effective treatment for ADHD?

Back 37

Medication plus psychotherapy with training for parents and teachers

Front 38

What therapies can be used to help children with learning disabilities?

Back 38

Using different intelligences to learn, speech therapy and improved listening skills for dyslexia

Front 39

What treatments can be used to relieve symptoms of autism?

Back 39

Early education with emphasis on language, play, and attachment

Front 40

Describe techniques that have been tried in efforts to educate children with special needs.

Back 40

Focus on preventative intervention rather than waiting to intervene when language and learning problems are pervasive:
1) before 1960 simply left in school, which often led to drop out or forced out
2) 1969 special needs were placed together, but their social skills and academic achievement didn't progress
3) 1975 Least Restrictive Environment or mainstreaming
4) Resource rooms were sometimes used, but this undermined their friendships and learning
5) Inclusion is used with appropriate aids and services provided

Front 41

Which life stage has the lowest death rate?

Back 41

The School Years of ages 7-11

Front 42

What are Howard Gardner's eight different intelligences?

Back 42

(SLIM BLIN)
Spatial
Linguistic
Interpersonal
Musical
Bodily-kinesthetic
Logical-mathmatical
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic