The Roman Empire: Rise And Fall

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Peninsula

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is a piece of land that is bordered by water on three sides but connected to mainland

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Trade

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or commerce, involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services, from one person or entity to another, in exchange for money, goods or services. A network that allows trade is called a market

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Empire/Emperor

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is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an kingdom or republic

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Deity

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a god or goddess

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Julius Caesar

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Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire

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Augustus Caesar

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was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family

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Pax Romana

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the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire

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Christianity

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is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians

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Eastern Orthodox Church

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is the second largest Christian church and one of the oldest religious institutions in the world. The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission to the apostles. It practises what it understands to be the original Christian faith and maintains the sacred tradition passed down from the apostles

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Roman Catholic Church

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is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.27 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history of Western civilisation. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments

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Diocletian

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was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus

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Constantine

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was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort Helena

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Constantinople

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was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire, and also of the brief Latin, and the later Ottoman empires

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Byzantine Empire

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also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople.

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Apennines Mountains

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are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending c. 1,200 km along the length of peninsular Italy. In the northwest they join with the Ligurian Alps at Altare

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Aeneas

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was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Venus. His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam's children

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Barbarians

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a member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations (Greek, Roman, Christian)

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Persians

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are an Iranian ethnic group native to Iran, who share a common Persian ancestry and cultural system. They are native speakers of the modern Persian language, as well as closely related dialects and languages

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Adriatic sea

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is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges

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Philosophy

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the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline

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Carthage

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a seaside suburb of Tunisia’s capital, Tunis, is known for its ancient archaeological sites. Founded by the Phoenicians in the first millennium B.C., it was once the seat of the powerful Carthaginian (Punic) Empire, which fell to Rome in the 2nd century B.C