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13 Cards in this Set
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What were the beginnings of the Nazi Party, including Hitler's involvement? |
1) Originally called the Nazi Party, it was founded by Anton Drexler in 1919 in Bavaria - well known for its right wing views. It orignially met in beer houses 2) Hitler joined the party in 1919, when it had about 50 members. Drexler spotted Hitler's charisma and talent for propaganda. 3) Hitler personally designed the flag, red white and balck, the same colours ans the flag under the Kaiser 4) His speeches centred around the TOV, the November Criminals, Hatred for the Weimar republic and the 'enemy within' Jews and Communists 5) By 1921, Hitler was the leader and Membership grew rapidly |
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What was the 25 point programme? |
In 1920, Hitler and Drexler wrote a political manifesto outlining the key points of the Nazi party, including: - Scrapping the treaty of versailles - Not allowing Jews to be citizens and vote - Bring back an autocracy - Nationalise big business |
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What was the SA? |
1) It was a group set up in 1921, led by Ernst Rohm to protect speakers at Nazi meetings from left wing violence 2) The were mostly ex-Freikorps, often called 'Brownshirts' because of their uniform 3) Rather than protecting the Nazis, the SA often disrupted communist or SD meetings, start a fight then leave, showing the Nazis as ordered 4) In 1923, the SA took part in the Munich putsch and were also used to intimidate voters after 1924 |
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What was the Munich Putsch? |
The Nazi party was still a regional party with most support in Munich. Hitler knew that if they could over throw a regional government, they could then overthrow the national government in Berlin. |
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Who were the four key men in the Munich Putsch? |
Hitler needed to win the support of 4 key men to take over the Bavarian Government 1) Von Kahr - Head of Bavarian Government 2) Von Lossow - Bavarian Army Chief 3) Seisser - Bavarin Police Chief 4) Ludendorff - Army Commander during WWI Ludendorf was a war hero and very popular with the right wing so could gain the support of the Army which the Nazis needed. |
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What were the causes of the Munich Putsch in November 1923? |
1) Hitler hated the WR, and the TOV. The right wing felt humiliated and Hitler was convinced the German people would support him 2) Hitler was convinced that he could gain the support of von Kahr and the Bavarian Army 3) He could use the SA as armed support |
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What happened during the Munich Putsch? |
1) Hitler and 600 Nazis seized a Beer hall with KAhr, Lossow and Seisser, holding them at gunpoint, forcing them to swear allegiance 2) The three leaders were allowed to leave. They organised troops and the army to resist Hitler's march 3) The Nazis marched through Murich. The Nazis were no match for the police force. 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler was arrested |
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Why did the Munich Putsch fail? |
1) The SA had not expected to come under fire so were unprepared 2) Hitler only had 3000 members, not enough to pull it off 3) Ludendorff was late. The ministers would not believe that he had Ludendorff's support, which wasted several hours |
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What were the successes for the Nazi party of the Munich Putsch? |
1) The Judge liked him, allowing Hitler a long time to make speeches against the government. During the trial, Hitler won over the courtroom with his passion. 2) Reporters from around Germany publicised Hitler's actions in newspapers, making Hitler well known all over the country and his speeches became public 3) Hitler's cushy prison sentence allowed him time to write Mein Kampf where Hitler set out his ideas for the Nazi Party and Germany's future |
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Why had support for the Nazis dropped between 1924 and 1928? |
1) Hitler had failed to win the working class who had mainly voted for Communists or the left wing 2) The Weimar Republic was going through a 'Golden Age' where Stressemann's policies had solved many problems so people did not vote extremely 3) People were put off by the Nazis extreme views, particularly the hatred of the Jews and rearming Germany were embarrasing |
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How did the Nazi Party change after 1924? |
There was MASSIVE re-organisation. In 1924, the amount of seats had dropped from 32 to 14, so Hitler needed to change 1) The Fuhrerprinzip - Hitler lifted the ban on the party, allowed only his closest associates (Gauleiters) to run the party. He pushed the idea of Fuhrerprinzip - That he was responsible to no one 2) Win over rivals - At the Bamberg party Conference in 1926, Hitler won over Goebbels, a possible rival and forced Rohm to resign as he couldn't trust him 3) Target Groups - Hitler targeted the urban working classes but after he found it was better to target the middle class and farmers who were beginning to have economic problems 4) Goebbels became in charge of dealing with Propaganda for the party, using leaflets, posters, radio film etc 5) The Hitler Youth was set up to attract the younger people to the party and their families to ensure later loyalty 6) He changed the Nazis funding to that of more from wealthy business men like Bosch and Krupp, promising to destroy Communism, something they deeply feared |
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What were the long-term reasons Hitler came to power? |
1) Deep anger and resentment about the TOV created bitterness to which Hitler's viciousness appealed 2) The Weak Constitution crippled the government and many wated to return to a democracy - No one was prepared to stop him in 1929-1933 3) Hitler had lots of finance to fund his campaign 4) Propaganda persuaded people of the evilness of the Jews and that the Nazis were the only solution 5) His Charisma made him a fantastic speaker and his inner thoughts that he had been called by a God to lead Germany made him resiliant and for him to keep going when others would not 6) The attacks on other parties would weaken them, no one would stand up for fear of being murdered and even if they were there were no arrests |
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What were the short-term reasons Hitler came to power? |
1) The Wall Street Crash meant that America called in it's loans to Germany - Unemployment and poverty called and people felt they needed an extreme solution and someone to blame and the Nazis did both - The People were desperate, the Nazis went form 12 seats in 1928 to 230 in 1932 2) Hindenburg, the then president eventually had to offer Hitler the Chancellorship. In November 1932, the Nazi Seats fell from 230 to 196, but they were still the biggest party. The then president and Chancellor Hindenburg and Papen were ruling under article 48 so offered Hitler the position if he promised to support them - Hitler refused but eventually on the 30th Jan 1933, they had no other real choice and Hitler was chosen, thinking they could control him |
