The Respiratory System

Front 1

nas/o

Back 1

nose

Front 2

sinus/o

Back 2

sinuses

Front 3

pharyng/o

Back 3

pharynx

Front 4

laryng/o

Back 4

larynx

Front 5

epiglott/o

Back 5

epiglottis

Front 6

trache/o

Back 6

trachea

Front 7

bronch/o, bronchi/o

Back 7

bronchi

Front 8

alveol/o

Back 8

alveoli

Front 9

pnuem/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o

Back 9

lungs

Front 10

alveoli

Back 10

also known as air sacs, are the very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. The alveoli are where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Each lung contains millions of alveoli.

Front 11

anoxia

Back 11

is the absence of oxygen from the body's tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood (an- means without, ox means oxygen, and -ia means abnormal condition)

Front 12

antitussive

Back 12

commonly known as cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing (anti- means against, tuss means cough and -ive means performs)

Front 13

aphonia

Back 13

is the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds (a- means without, phon means sound or voice, and -ia means abnormal condition)

Front 14

asbestosis

Back 14

is caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos (absbest means asbestos, anbd -osis means abnormal condition or disease.)

Front 15

asphyxia

Back 15

is the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function. Asphyxia can be caused by choking, suffocation, drowning or inhaling gases susch as carbon monoxide.

Front 16

asthma

Back 16

is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction. Asthma is characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. The episodes are known as asthmatic attacks.

Front 17

atelectasis

Back 17

or callapsed lung, is the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax (atel means incomplete, and -ectasis means stretching or enlargement)

Front 18

bradypnea

Back 18

is an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute (brady- means slow, and -pnea means breathing) Bradypnea is the opposite of tachypnea.

Front 19

bronchodialator

Back 19

is a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs. Patients with asthma use short-acting bronchodilators as needed as rescue medications, while long acting bronchodialators are used every day to control the condition.

Front 20

bronchorrhea

Back 20

is an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi (bronch/o means bronchus, -rrhea mans abnormal flow)

Front 21

bronchoscopy

Back 21

is the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope (bronch/o means bronchus, and -scopy means direct visual examination).

Front 22

bronchospasm

Back 22

is a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut (bronch/o means bronchi, and -spasm means involuntary contraction.)

Front 23

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 23

is an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea. This pattern sometimes occurs in comatose patients or those nearing death.

Front 24

croup (kroop)

Back 24

is an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor. Stridor is a harsh, high pitched sound cased by a blockage present when breathing in.

Front 25

cyanosis

Back 25

is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes cased by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood (cyan means blue, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease.)

Front 26

cystic fibrosis

Back 26

is a lifethreatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

Front 27

diphtheria

Back 27

is an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. The diptheria bacteria produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves.

Front 28

dysphonia

Back 28

is difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty (dys- means bad, phon means sound or voice, and-ia means abnormal condition.)

Front 29

dyspnea

Back 29

also known as shortness of breath (SOB), is difficult or labored breathing (dys- means painful, and -pnea means breathing) Shortness of breath is frequently one of the first symptoms of heart failure.

Front 30

emphysema

Back 30

is the progressive, longterm loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. Emphysema is characterized by (1) a decrease in the total number of alveoli, (2) the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and (3) the progressive destruction of the walls of these remaining alveoli.

Front 31

empyema

Back 31

refers to a collection of puss in a body cavity

Front 32

endotracheal intubation

Back 32

(ETT) is the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, especially when a patient is on a ventilator (endo- means within, trache means trachea, and -al means pertaining to). Intubation is the insertion of a tube, usually for the passage of air or fluids.

Front 33

epistaxis

Back 33

also known as a nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure.

Front 34

hemoptysis

Back 34

is the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage (hem/o means blood, and -ptysis means spitting.)

Front 35

hemothorax

Back 35

is a collection of blood in the pleural cavity (hem/o means blood, and -thorax means chest). This condition often results from chest trauma, such as a stab wound, or it can be caused by disease or surgery.

Front 36

hypercapnia

Back 36

is the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood (hyper- means excessive, capn means carbon dioxide, and -ia means abnormal condition.)

Front 37

hyperpnea

Back 37

which is commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

Front 38

hypoxia

Back 38

is the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body's tissues and organs, however, it is less severe than anoxia.

Front 39

laryngectomy

Back 39

is the surgical removal of the larynx. (laryng means larynx, and -ectomy means surgical removal).

Front 40

laryngitis

Back 40

is the inflammation of the larygx. (voice loss)

Front 41

laryngoscopy

Back 41

is the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth (laryng/o means larynx, and -scopy means a direct visual examination)

Front 42

laryngospasm

Back 42

is the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx (laryng/o means larynx, and -spasm means a sudden involuntary contraction). It is sometimes associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Front 43

mediastinum

Back 43

is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. This cavity contains connective tissue and organs, including the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes.

Front 44

nebulizer

Back 44

is an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece.

Front 45

otolaryngologist

Back 45

also known as an ent (ear, nose throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck (ot/o means ear, laryng/o means larynx, and -ologist means specialist).

Front 46

pertussis

Back 46

also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal means sudden or spasmlike. Childhood immunization against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus are given together (DPT); however, the incidence of pertussis is on the rise.

Front 47

pharyngitis

Back 47

also known as sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx (pharyng means pharynx, and -itis means inflammaion). It is often a symptom of a cold, flu, or sinus infection.

Front 48

phlegm

Back 48

is a thick mucus secreted by the tissues.

Front 49

pleurisy

Back 49

also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity.

Front 50

pleurodynia

Back 50

is a sharp pain that occurs when the inflammed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation (pleur/o mean pleura, and -dynia means pain)

Front 51

pneumoconiosis

Back 51

is any fibrosis of the lung tissues cased by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact (pneum/o means lung, coni means dust, and -osis means abnormal conditon or disease).

Front 52

pneumonectomy

Back 52

is the surgical removal of all or part of a lung (pneumon means lung, -ectomy means surgical removal).

Front 53

pneumonia

Back 53

is a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids (pneumon means lung, and -ia means abnormal condition).

Front 54

pneumothorax

Back 54

pneumothorax is the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in pressure

Front 55

polysomnography

Back 55

also known as sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

Front 56

pulmonologist

Back 56

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system (pulmon mans lung, and -ologist means specialist)

Front 57

pulse oximeter

Back 57

is an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood.

Front 58

pyothorax

Back 58

also known as empyema of the pleural cavity, is the presence of pus in the pleural membrane (py/o means pus, and -thorax means chest).

Front 59

sinusitis

Back 59

is an inflammation of the sinuses (sinus means sinus, and -itis means inflammation).

Front 60

sleep apnea

Back 60

is a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

Front 61

spirometer

Back 61

is a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath.

Front 62

tachypnea

Back 62

is an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

Front 63

thoracentesis

Back 63

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

Front 64

thoracotomy

Back 64

a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.

Front 65

tracheostomy

Back 65

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

Front 66

tracheotomy

Back 66

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

Front 67

tubercolosis

Back 67

an infectious disease caused by Myco bacterum tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs.

Front 68

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

Back 68

oxygen

Front 69

phon/o

Back 69

sound, voice

Front 70

pleur/o

Back 70

pleura, side of the body

Front 71

-pnea

Back 71

breathing

Front 72

pulm/o, pulmon/o

Back 72

lung

Front 73

somn/o

Back 73

sleep

Front 74

spir/o

Back 74

to breathe

Front 75

thorac/o, -thrax

Back 75

chest, pleural cavity

Front 76

hypoxemia

Back 76

a condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood.