The Respiratory System

Front 1

Respiratory system functions?

Back 1

– Warms, Humidifies, and Filters Air
– Detects Olfactory Stimuli
– Produces Vocal Sounds

Front 2

3 major steps in respiration?

Back 2

– Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)
– External Respiration
– Internal Respiration

Front 3

Moving air in and out of lungs is what step in respiration?

Back 3

Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)

Front 4

Gas exchange in lungs where blood gains oxygen and loses carbon dioxide is what step in respiration?

Back 4

External Respiration

Front 5

Gas exchange in tissue cells where blood loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide is what step in respiration?

Back 5

Internal Respiration

Front 6

Respiratory system structures?

Back 6

– Upper Respiratory System
– Lower Respiratory System
– Conducting Zone
– Respiratory Zone

Front 7

The nose and pharynx (throat) is in what structure?

Back 7

Upper Respiratory System

Front 8

Larynx to lungs is in what structure?

Back 8

Lower Respiratory System

Front 9

What respiratory system structure conducts air?

Back 9

Conduction Zone

Front 10

Nose to terminal bronchioles is in what respiratory system structure?

Back 10

Conduction zone

Front 11

What respiratory system structure are sites of gas exchange?

Back 11

Respiratory Zone

Front 12

Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli?

Back 12

Respiratory Zone

Front 13

3 regions of the pharynx?

Back 13

– Upper Nasopharynx
– Middle Oropharynx
– Lower Laryngopharynx

Front 14

What region of the pharynx is posterior to nose and contains auditory tubes?

Back 14

Upper Nasopharynx

Front 15

What region of the pharynx is posterior to mouth?

Back 15

Middle Oropharynx

Front 16

Passageway for food and air?

Back 16

– Oropharynx
– Laryngopharynx

Front 17

With the lower respiratory system, the larynx connects
pharynx with the_____?

Back 17

Trachea

Front 18

The larynx is also known as the?

Back 18

Voicebox

Front 19

The thyroid cartilage is also known as the?

Back 19

Adam's Apple

Front 20

What covers airways in the lower respiratory system?

Back 20

Epiglottis

Front 21

The epiglottis, during swallowing, routes food and liquids into the _____?

Back 21

Esophagus

Front 22

Male vocal cords are _____, and vibrates slower _____ pitch?

Back 22

– Thicker
– Lowering

Front 23

With the lower respiratory system, the trachea is known as the?

Back 23

Windpipe

Front 24

The trachea is _____ to the esophagus?

Back 24

Anterior

Front 25

The trachea is lined by _____ cells that trap and move dust _____?

Back 25

– Ciliated
– Upward

Front 26

_____– shapped cartilage rings permit _____ of esophagus?

Back 26

– C
– Expansion

Front 27

The trachea _____ into right and left _____ bronchi?

Back 27

– Divides
– Primary

Front 28

With the bronchial tree, the _____ bronchi branch into _____ bronchi?

Back 28

– Primary
– Smaller

Front 29

With the bronchial tree, smaller airways contain _____ cartilage and move _____ smooth muscle?

Back 29

– Less
– More

Front 30

With the bronchial tree, asthma _____ airways by contracting _____ muscle?

Back 30

– Narrows
– Smooth

Front 31

With the bronchial tree, the sympathetic response _____ smooth muscle _____ airways, and increases airflow?

Back 31

– Relaxes
– Dilates

Front 32

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Back 32

3

Front 33

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Back 33

2

Front 34

What surrounds the lungs?

Back 34

Pleural Membrane

Front 35

2 types of pleural membranes?

Back 35

– Parietal Pleura
– Visceral Pleura

Front 36

Which pleural membrane lines the thoracic wall?

Back 36

Parietal Pleura

Front 37

Which pleural membrane covers lungs?

Back 37

Visceral Pleura

Front 38

With the lower respiratory system, the alveoli is _____ shaped _____?

Back 38

– Cup
– Outpouchings

Front 39

There are 3 types of alveolus?

Back 39

– Type I Alveolar Cells
– Type II Alveolar (septal) Cells
– Alveolar Macrophages

Front 40

Which type of alveolus line alveoli?

Back 40

Type I Alveolar Cells

Front 41

Which type of alveolus produce surfactant?

Back 41

Type II Alveolar (septal) Cells

Front 42

When type II alveolar (septal) cells produce surfactant, it prevents the collapse of alveoli by _____ surface tension?

Back 42

Lowering

Front 43

Which type of alveolus are phagocytes?

Back 43

Alveolar Macrophages

Front 44

Muscles of inhalation and exhalation?

Back 44

– Quiet Inhalation
– Quiet Exhalation
– Forced Inhalation
– Forced Exhalation

Front 45

Active process where phrenic nerve innervates diaphragm (contracts)?

Back 45

Quiet Inhalation

Front 46

Passive process where diaphragm relaxes?

Back 46

Quiet Exhalation

Front 47

Active process where external intercostals contract?

Back 47

Forced Inhalation

Front 48

Active process where internal intercostals and abdominal muscles contract?

Back 48

Forced Exhalation

Front 49

During quiet inhalation and exhalation, _____ dimensions of thoracic cavity change?

Back 49

Vertical

Front 50

During forced inhalation and exhalation, _____ and _____ dimensions of thoracic cavity change?

Back 50

– Anterior
– Posterior

Front 51

With volume, pressure is _____ related?

Back 51

Inversely

Front 52

With quiet inhalation, when the diaphragm contracts it _____ lung volume, and _____ alveolar (lung) pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and air _____ lungs?

Back 52

– Increases
– Decreases
– Enters

Front 53

With quiet exhalation, when the diaphragm relaxes it _____ lung volume and _____ alveolar pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and air _____ lungs?

Back 53

– Decreases
–Increases
– Exits

Front 54

At rest, an adult breathes?

Back 54

12/minute

Front 55

With airflow, volume in one normal breath is?

Back 55

Title Volume (TV)

Front 56

With airflow, forcibly inhaled is?

Back 56

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Front 57

With airflow, forcibly exhaled is?

Back 57

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Front 58

With airflow, air remaining in lungs following forced exhalation is?

Back 58

Residual Volume

Front 59

With external respiration, gas exchange in?

Back 59

Lungs

Front 60

With external respiration, what is concentration of each gas PO2 or PCO2?

Back 60

Partial Pressure

Front 61

With external respiration, each gas diffuses _____ it's partial pressure gradient (_____ to _____ #'s)?

Back 61

– Down
– High
– Low

Front 62

With external respiration, PO2 is highest in the?

Back 62

Atmosphere

Front 63

With external respiration, PCO2 is highest in the?

Back 63

Tissue Cells

Front 64

With external respiration, 02 diffuses from _____ to deoxygenated blood (PO2 -40)?

Back 64

Alveoli

Front 65

With external respiration, CO2 diffuses from _____ (PCO2 -45) blood to alveoli (PCO2 -40)?

Back 65

Deoxygenated

Front 66

With internal respiration, gas exchange in the _____ _____?

Back 66

Tissue Cells

Front 67

With internal respiration, 02 diffuses from _____ (arterial) blood (PO2 -100) to tissue cells?

Back 67

Oxygenated

Front 68

With internal respiration, CO2 diffuses from _____ to oxygenated blood (PCO2 -40)?

Back 68

Cells

Front 69

With oxygen transport, hemoglobin transports ___.__ % of 02?

Back 69

98.5%

Front 70

With oxygen transport, plasma transports___.__ % of 02?

Back 70

1.5%

Front 71

With oxygen transport, during exercise, CO2 levels _____, and pH levels _____ (increase acidity), and hemoglobin release _____ to tissue cells?

Back 71

– Increase
– Decrease
– 02

Front 72

Carbon monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin _____ strongly than 02?

Back 72

More

Front 73

With carbon dioxide transport, hemoglobin transports _____?

Back 73

CO2

Front 74

Plasma dissolves _____?

Back 74

CO2

Front 75

What transports most CO2?

Back 75

Bicarbonate Ions

Front 76

What controls the rhythm of respiration?

Back 76

Medulla

Front 77

With the regulation of the respiratory center, what monitors 02, CO2, and H+ levels by a negative feedback system?

Back 77

Chemoreceptors

Front 78

With the regulation of the respiratory center, during exercise, PO2 levels _____, PCO2 and H+ levels _____, lowering blood pH and stimulating (increasing) breathing rate (hyperventilation)?

Back 78

– Decrease
– Increase

Front 79

What breathing pattern is normal quiet breathing?

Back 79

Eupnea

Front 80

What breathing pattern is temporarily cessation of breathing?

Back 80

Apnea

Front 81

What breathing pattern is painful or labored breathing?

Back 81

Dyspnea

Front 82

What breathing pattern is rapid breathing?

Back 82

Tachypnea

Front 83

What disorder is the distruction of alveoli elastic fibers where air is trapped in alveoli?

Back 83

Emphysema

Front 84

What disorder is where alveoli collapses due to the lack of surfactant?

Back 84

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)