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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Overall scheme of activities in which scientists engage to produce knowledge The paradigm of scientific inquiry |
The research process |
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Adequately describes the contents of the paper Captures the fundamenal nature of the study and findings |
Title |
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Three groups of title |
Full sentence titles Nominal Compound |
FuNC |
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Basic background information showing the current state of the problem or issue, and data gaps based on existing literature |
Problem |
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Provides the reason or justification of the study, and the structure to be followed in conducting a study |
Scope |
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Presentation of the problem or issue |
Statement of the problem |
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2 ways to present the problem |
Narrative form Question form |
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Emphasis on the existence of the problem and describing gaps in existing body of knowledge |
Narrative form |
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Emphasizes questions which require a definite answer |
Question form |
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Is an interrogative statement that asks what relation exists between two or more variables |
Problem |
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Refers to the statements of purpose of the investigation Summarizes what is to be achieved by the study |
Objectives of the study |
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Refers to the broad statement of purpose |
General objective or goal |
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Refers to explicit statements of purpose Logically flows for and formulated based on the general objective Uses well-defined and measurable concepts |
Specific objectives |
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A set of statements about the possible contributions of the study to theory or knowledge of a phenomenon Describes the value of specific applications of knowledge to be gained and potential importance of tbose applications |
Significane of the study |
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Identifies the focus, coverage or boundaries of the study |
Scope or delimitation |
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Discuss weakness of the study in terms of sample size, sampling design, locale of the research methodology, and other factors that affect the genefalizability of the results |
Limitations |
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Provide the vehicles by which concepts become clear, precise and agreed upon, join concepts and variables together |
Definition |
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Types of definition |
Conceptual Operational |
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Describes concepts by using pther concepts; also called as CONSECUTIVE, THEORETICAL NOMINAL or RATIONAL DEFINITION |
Conceptual definition |
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Assigns meaning to a constduct or variable by specifying the activities or operations necessary to measure it |
Operational definition |
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Types of operational definition |
Measured OD Experimental OD |
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Describes how a variable will be measured |
Measured OD |
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Spells out the details of the investigator's manipulations of a variable |
Experimental OD |
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Describes the operations that musy be performed to cause the phenomena or state being defined to occur |
TYPE A OD |
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Describe how the particular object or thing being defined operates, that is what it does or what constitutes its dynamic properties |
TYPE B OD |
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Descrkbe what the phenomenon being described looks like, thag is what constitute its state propertoes (age, sex, educational attainment, sustainability, etc) |
TYPE C OD |
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Refers to going back to the existing written materials that have bearing to thw problem under study |
Review of related literature |
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Presents the theory from which the research problem was derived or to which it is linked The generality of relations in a theory makes for possible applications to many phenomena and to many people in many places |
Theoretical framework |
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Is a concept deliberately and consciously invented or adopted for a special scientifcpic purpose Abstractions that allow development of ideas, propositions, and theories |
Construct |
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Building block of theory Expresses an abstraction formed by generalization from particulars |
Concept |
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Requirements of concept before it is accepted as knowledge |
Intersubjectivity Empirical viable Abstractness |
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Community of scientists agree and give meaning to a concept |
Intersubjectivity |
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Lend to observations |
Empirically viable |
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Generally applicable over time and space |
Abstractness |
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Parts of a theory |
Construct Variables Definitions |
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Are symbols to which numerals or values are assigned Characteristic that has two or more mutually exclusive values or properties Something that vary, enable concepts to be measured |
Variables |
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Provide the vehicles by which conceots become clear, precise and agreed upon Join concepts and variables together |
Definitions |
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Presents the relationship between the specific concepts that may be studied Concepts should be derived from those used in the theoretical framework, and are more concrete |
Conceptual framework |
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Is a conjectural statementl a temtative proposition about the relationshil between two or more variables Working instrument of theory |
Hypothesis |
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All variables are defined |
Clear |
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Expected relations among varibales in terms of directiob by which conditions will hold are identified |
Specific |
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With available method |
Testable |
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Awareness of personal biases, and explicitness |
Value free |
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Is anon relational statement of a condition between two varizbles; states that therd are no sognificant difference between 2 variables |
Null hypothesis (Ho) |
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Is a directiona, statemtn of relationship between two variables; states a relationship betwen two or more variabkes that the research predicts will emerge |
Alternative hypothesis (Ha) |
Also called research or zubstantive hypothesis |
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Predicts the relationship between a single independent varible and a sinfle dependemt variable |
Simple hypothesis |
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Predicts the relarionship between two or more independent variables and two or more depenent variables |
Complex hypothesis |
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Usually derived from theory Specify the expected direction of the relationship between variables i.e the researcher predicts not only the existence of a relationship but also its nature |
Directional hypothesis |
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Do no stipulate the direction of the relationship Used when there is a little thoey; or when findingd of previous studies are contradictory |
Non-directional hypothesis |
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Propose a cause and effect interaction between gwo or more variables Independet variable is manipulated to cause effect on the dependent varibale |
Casal hypothesis |
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Propose relationships between variables when one variable changes, the other changes Do not indicate cause and effect |
associative hypothesis |
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Is a procedure for determining whether to accept or reject the hypothesis. It is a procedure for choosing between two alternative courses of action |
Statistical test |
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Statement that the difference between two sample means is due to |
Random choice or sampling error |
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Determimes whether to reject or fail the null hypotheis |
Test of significance |
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