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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 7 areas scholars debate over as the purpose for Luke writing his Gospel? |
Historical, Theological, Universal Salvation, Gentiles, Outcasts, God's Plan of Salvation, Judgement |
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Purpose meaning |
Why Luke wrote his Gospel. |
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Meaning meaning |
What Luke is trying to show the reader. |
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Purpose areas |
Historical Theological Gentiles Judgement |
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Meaning areas |
Universal Salvation Outcasts God's Plan of Salvation |
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What 2 scholars believe Luke was writing an historical account? |
Caird Grant |
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Why does Caird think Luke wrote his Gospel? |
An "apologia to the Romans" to give them a chance to understand that Christianity was not a threat to them. "His story will tell...a figure of nobility, grace and charm, able to reproduce these same qualities in the lives of his followers, and to raise the decency and dignity of even the outcasts". |
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Why does Grant think Luke wrote his Gospel? |
"His business was to clear up points of misunderstanding or misrepresentation which had arisen in the pagan world". This is probably due to the fact Christians had started to be persecuted due to accusations of them starting the great fire of Rome in AD64. |
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Which scholar believes Luke was writing for theological purposes? |
Conzelmann |
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What does Conzelmann think is Luke's primary purpose? |
To write a gospel of salvation. An important theme was that of Christ as the centre of God's plan of salvation and redemption for all humanity. |
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What did Luke say was his actual purpose for writing the Gospel? |
"It seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught" (Luke 1:4). |
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Which 3 scholars believe Luke was writing for both historical and theological purposes? |
Bultmann Morris Barrett |
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What did Bultmann believe was Luke's purpose? |
Luke was a reliable theologian and a good historian. "He does not permit his dogmatic conceptions to exercise any essential influence on his work". |
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What did Morris believe was Luke's purpose? |
"His theology does not run away with his history...he is too good a historian". |
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What did Barrett believe was Luke's purpose? |
Saw Luke not only as a historian, but also as "one of the biblical writers who confront us with more than human testimony to Jesus Christ", implying God wrote the Gospel through Luke. |
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Who was likely the audience of Luke's Gospel? |
Rich and influential Roman converts who had expressed an interest in knowing more about the Gospel, Jesus, and the impact Christianity was likely to have on the Gentile society. |
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What 4 groups does Luke make clear are included from the start? |
Gentiles, women, social outcasts, the sick and the poor. |
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Luke 3:6 |
"All flesh shall see the salvation of God". |
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Why is salvation for everyone, including Gentiles? |
Because God's love is universal. |
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How is the universal message of Luke emphasised by Jesus' ancestry? |
Luke traces the ancestry of Jesus right back to Adam, rather than stopping at Abraham (the father of the Jewish race). He also mentions other non-Jewish people such as Syrians and Samaritans. |
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Luke 4:27 |
"Yet not one of them was cleansed - only Namaan the Syrian". |
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In what passages does Luke highlight the universal emphasis? |
In the Song of Simeon when Luke talks of Christ as "a light for revelation to the Gentiles" (Luke 2:32). Healing of the centurion's servant. References to the coming of God's people from "east and west and north and south" (Luke 13:29). |
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What was the Great Commission to the disciples? |
That the Gospel should be "preached in his name to all nations" (Luke 24:47). |
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What is the hope of Luke regarding universal salvation? |
That "the good news of the kingdom is being preached, and everyone is forcing his way into it" (Luke 16:16). |
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How does Luke show salvation has been made to everyone? |
Through Christ's sacrifice. |
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When can salvation occur? |
Luke shows salvation is in the present, and not the too distant future. |
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What did Morris observe regarding the presence of salvation? |
"Luke emphasises that salvation has become present in Christ...in Jesus the time of salvation has come". |
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What does Marshall say about the idea of salvation with regards to Luke's Gospel? |
"The idea of salvation supplies the key to the theology of Luke". |
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How did Luke show that not everyone would be saved? |
He made a distinction between those who belong to the world and those who belong to God. |
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Luke 16:8 |
"For the people of this world are more shrewd in dealing with their own kind than are the people of light". |
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How did Luke try to appeal to the Jewish readers? |
He made a number of references to the Temple and to Jerusalem. |
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Where is the Temple mentioned throughout Luke's Gospel? |
At the beginning and the end of the Gospel. Incidents when Jesus was taken to the Temple as a baby and as a boy. The Temple is mentioned in the temptations. |
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Luke 3:49 |
"They found him in the temple courts...didn't you know I had to be in my father's house?". |
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How is Jerusalem mentioned throughout Luke's Gospel? |
Much of the narrative is set out as Jesus heads towards Jerusalem. "We are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written by the prophets about the Son of Man will be fulfilled" (Luke 18:31). |
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Why might Luke have written to the Gentiles instead of the Jews? |
Judaism had essentially rejected the message of Christ, and the Gospel must be given to those who accept it. |
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Who is Theophilus? |
He may be a Roman patron, a holder of high office, or simply a "lover of God" (literal meaning). If he was a Gentile, Luke's purpose may be to spread the Gospel's message to all peoples. |
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When does Luke present Gentile characters positively? |
Jesus says of the centurion who's servant was ill "I have not found such great faith even in Israel" (Luke 7:9). |
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What does Caird observe about Jesus' comment to the centurion who asked for his servant to be healed? |
"The highest praise ever uttered by Jesus was addressed to a Gentile". |
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How is Pilate presented sympathetically? |
Luke depicts him as reluctant to condemn Jesus and declares him to be innocent, only ordering his crucifixion when the Jews have forced his hand. |
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What is significant about the centurion at the foot of the cross? |
It was a Gentile who proclaimed "surely this was a righteous man" (Luke 23:47). |
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Give 2 examples of whom Luke includes as people on the fringes of society. |
Mary's Magnificat tells of God lifting up the lowly, feeding the hungry, and showing mercy to all generations. The only healed leper to return to thank Jesus is a Samaritan, showing that even outcasts can be included in salvation. |
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Luke 17:16 |
"He threw himself at Jesus' feet and thanked him - and he was a Samaritan". |
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What did Hooker observe of the outcasts' inclusion in the Gospel? |
"We will not be surprised, later in the Gospel, to find Jesus declaring that he has come to seek out and save the lost; nor will we be surprised to learn that the humble and the outcast find a place in the Kingdom of God, while the arrogant and mighty are excluded". |
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What examples show Luke gave an important place to women? |
Mary, Jesus' mother; The sinful woman in Luke 7:37; and in the Parable of the Lost Coin. |
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What does Morris describe as the sorts of people God is concerned with? |
"An important part of God's concern for people is that it is manifested towards groups not highly esteemed in first century society: women, children, the poor, the disreputable". |
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How did Jesus emphasise the dangers of relying too much on the treasures of this world? |
When Jesus says "how hard it is for the rich to enter the Kingdom of God" (Luke 18:24). The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. |
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How did Luke show how God acts out his plan through the lives of ordinary people? |
Mary and Martha. |
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What did Morris observe of God regarding people and what did he mean by this? |
"Luke saw God as concerned with individual people...for even the little people matter to God". Supports the idea that Luke shows how God acts out his plan through the lives of ordinary people. |
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What did Morris observe of God's Plan of Salvation? |
"The God Luke knows is interested in our salvation and constantly at work in human affairs to bring to pass his redemptive purpose". |
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How do we know that for Luke, God's purpose is worked out in the death of Jesus? |
Throughout the Gospel, Luke continually refers to Jesus' pending death. |
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Give an example when Luke mentions Jesus' pending death. |
As part of Jesus' passion predictions: "He will be turned over to the Gentiles. They will mock him, insult him, spit on him, flog him and kill him. On the third day he will rise again" (Luke 18:32-33). |
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What occurs at The Transfiguration? |
Luke depicts Moses and Elijah talking about Christ's death: "They spoke about his departure, which he was about to bring to fulfilment at Jerusalem" (Luke 9:31). |
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Why does Hooker link the conversation between Moses and Elijah to the Exodus? |
Because where God saved his people from slavery in Egypt, "Jesus' death, then, is seen by Luke, as a new Exodus, a great redemptive act". |
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How does Luke speak of Christ's death on the Cross? |
As a way to salvation as it was at the heart of God's divine purpose. |
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Why does God's divine purpose not end with Jesus' death on the Cross? |
It goes on through the work of the Holy Spirit. |
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Give 2 examples of when Luke mentions the work of the Holy Spirit. |
John the Baptist will be "filled with the Holy Spirit even from birth" (Luke 1:15). The Holy Spirit enables the conception of Jesus. |
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Luke 1:35 |
"The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you". |
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What does Morris say the Holy Spirit does for the followers of Jesus? |
Enters, empowers and guides them. |
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What does Marshall say is the crucial event in salvation-history? |
The Resurrection. |
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Who is still included in God's plan of salvation and which parable supports this? |
Jews and the Parable of the Lost Son. |
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Luke 15:31 |
"Son, you are always with me, and everything I have is yours". |
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How could Luke's purpose be to convert the reader? |
Luke's message is that God's love reaches out to everyone who is willing to hear and receive it. This is closely linked to the theme of judgement and the closeness of the Kingdom of God. |
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What did Morris observe regarding the coming of God's kingdom? |
"Luke looks for the coming of the End when the salvation of which he writes will reach its consummation". |
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How does Jesus describe the imminent judgement? |
"If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes into the glory of the Father" (Luke 9:26). |
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What does Jesus warn of in the Parable of the Great Banquet? |
Those who refuse the invitation to the kingdom must not be surprised that others take their places. |
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What was the Great Commission? |
The apostles themselves are commissioned by Jesus to preach the message to all people, including Jews. |
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Luke 24:47 |
"Repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem". |
