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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Post Emancipation systems |
Aimed at prolonging the conditions of slavery as long as possible |
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The various system were known by different names and lasted for differing periods |
British colonies: 1834 to 1838 Danish west indies: 1849 to 1879 Dutch west indies: 1863 to 1873 French west indes: 1848 to 1863 Cuba: 1880 to 1886 |
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In some colonies compensation was given to slave owners |
British colonies= 20 million pounds French colonies= 126 million francs Danish Virgin Islands= 5,500,000 francs about 2 million dollars Dutch colonies= 16 million florins Puerto Rico= 35 million pesetas |
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Many of the major features of the plantation system continued many decades after slavery ended |
1. Majority of blacks continued to work and reside on plantations because of limited opportunities outside the plantation system 2. Planters' dominance continued 3. Low economic status of ex-slaves continued 4. The majority of blacks excluded from political and economic power because of *lack of education *economic qualifications for political participation which meant *Continuation of substandard conditions in housing *Unstable family life *Poor education *Inadequate health care |
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After emancipation, some blacks left the plantations and |
*Established free village *Formed independent peasantry *Migrated to urban areas *Engaged in interterritorial migration |
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Causes of post emancipation migration to Caribbean |
*The gradual withdrawal of Africans from plantation labor resulted in so called "labor shortage" on plantations *various ethnic groups from different parts of the world were imported to supplant slave labor |
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Post-Emancipation migrant group |
1. East Indians 2. Chinese 3. Portuguese 4. Other European countries (from england, Germany, and Ireland) 5. Javanese 6. Arabs 7. Non-enslaved Africans |
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East Indians |
500,000 came between 1838 and 1917 Mostly single males Some came as family group Most went British Guiana, Trinidad and Suriname but small amount went to other colonies including st. Croix |
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Chinese |
Over 150,000 came mostly from 1850's through the 1870's Most went to Cuba, British Guiana, and Trinidad |
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Portuguese |
30,000 came from the Madeira Islands went mainly to Guyana before the 1860s |
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Other European Countries |
From England, Germany, and Ireland During the middle and late 19th century To Jamaica, Trinidad, and Guyana |
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Javanese |
To Dutch Guiana From 1900 to the 1920s |
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Arabs |
From the late 19th century |
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Non-enslave Africans |
About 36,000 Between 1840 and the 1860's To Guyana and Trinidad |
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Early intr-caribbean migration patterns |
1. Rural-Urban Migration (internal migration) 2. Inter-Territorial and Caribbean Rimland Migration 3. Panama and other Central American Countries 4. Cuba and the Dominican Republic 5. Aruba and Curacao |
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Rural-Urban Migration (internal migration) |
Occurred after emancipation in the nineteenth century |
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Interterritorial and Caribbean Rimland Migration |
From the smaller islands to the larger islands Occurred 1840s to 1860 but still goes on |
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Panama and other Central America Countries |
Occurred after emancipation in the nineteenth century From about 1850 to the 1910's
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West Indian workers went to build |
Build railways Build the Panama canal Work on banana and coffee plantation in Central America |
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Cuba and the Dominica Republic |
Workers went from the East Caribbean and Haiti to work in the sugar cane industry 's Occurred from about 1900 through the 1930'sHaiti to the Dominican Republic, which continues Haiti to the Dominican Republic, which continues |
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Aruba and Curacao |
Occurred from 1920 onward Eastern Caribbean workers sought employment in * oil refineries * construction * domestic services |
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International Migration from the Caribbean to North America and Europe |
1. Puero Ricans and Dominicans to the United States mainland (1900 onward) 2. Various Caribbean countries ( 1950 onwards) * england, France, Holland, and other European countries * Canada |
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Intra-Caribbean Migration Patterns |
U. S. Virgin Islands St. Maarten/St. Martin Brittish Virgin Islands Bahamas Cayman islands |
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Employment in |
Tourism Construction Domestic services |
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Caribbean Immigration Patterns |
Circular migration or Return Migration * mainly from the United States and Europe * to the Caribbean * and back |
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Decolonization and Self-Determination in the Post-Emancipation Period |
1. Political Evolution in the Commonwealth Caribbean * representative association * crown colony government * economic depression/labor unrest -1930's * emergence of labor unions * formation of political parties |
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Political Evolution in the Commonwealth Caribbean |
*The west indies federation *(1958-1962) *Former federation of 10 *British West Indian territories formed in 1958 * To deal with issues of * Inter-island immigration * Federal taxation * Common import taxes |
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Political Evolution in the Commonwealth Caribbean |
*The West Indies Federation * Jamaica withdrew in 1961 fearing that it would have to shoulder the burdens of the economically underdeveloped members * Trinidad and Tobago followed suit * The federation was dissolved in May 1962
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Caribbean Political Evolution in other Caribbean Territories |
* Cuba- Independent, 1902 * Puerto Rico- Commonwealth, 1957 * Dutch Associated States in the Caribbean - part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs * U. S. Virgin Islands- Election of Governors, 1970 |
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Economic Initiatives |
*Establishment of institution of higher education * University of the West Indies, 1947 *UVI, 1962
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Economic initiatives |
* Establishment of Caribbean Free Trade Association, 1965, to Achieve a viable economic community of Caribbean territories |
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Economic Initiatives |
*Establish of the Caribbean Development Bank, 1969 to * Promote harmonious economic growth and development * Encourage economic cooperation and integration * Support the less developed countries * Result in less reliance on countries outside of the region |
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Economic Initiatives |
* Establishment of Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA), 1965, to achieve a viable Economic Community of Caribbean Territories |
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Economic Initiatives |
* Establishment of Caribbean Community & Common Market (CARICOM), 1973 * Transformation of CARIFTA * A move toward closer political and economic integration |
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Economic Initiatives |
* Establishment of Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM) * Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana, and Trinidad & Tobago on August 1, 1973 * Then , Antigua & Barbuda, Montserrat, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Dominica, St. Kitts & Nevis, Grenada, St. Lucia * The Bahamas in 1983 * Surname in 1995 * Haiti in 2002 |
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Economic Initiatives |
* Establishment of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, 1981 to * Cooperate with each other and * Promote unity solidarity among it members * 9 members: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenda, Montserrat, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grendines |
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Socio- Economic Issues |
* Corruption * Crime * Drug trafficking * Foreign Investment vs Local Control * Economic Development vs Environmental Concerns |
