The Peripheral Nervous System

Front 1

What structures are part of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 1

1. Sensory receptors
2. Motor ending
3. Nerves and ganglia

Front 2

Define sensory receptors.

Back 2

Part of the body that pick up stimuli from inside and outside the body, and then initiate impulses in sensory axons.

Front 3

Define motor endings.

Back 3

The axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate the effectors.

Front 4

Define nerves.

Back 4

Bundles of peripheral axons.

Front 5

Define ganglia.

Back 5

Clusters of peripheral cell bodies.

Front 6

Two main categories of PNS sensory receptors.

Back 6

1.Free nerve ending of sensory neurons.
2. Complete receptor cells, that monitor most types of special sensory information (taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.)

Front 7

What do you call the sensory receptors that are sensitive to stimuli arising outside of the body?

Back 7

Exteroceptors

Front 8

What do you call the sensory receptors that are sensitive to stimuli from the internal viscera?

Back 8

Interoceptors

Front 9

What do you call the sensory receptors that are sensitive to the degree of stretch of the locomotory organs?

Back 9

Proprioceptors

Front 10

Give examples of exteroreceptors.

Back 10

The receptors in the skin that sensor touch, pain, pressure and temperature.
Most receptors of the special sense organs like hearing, equilibrium and vision.

Front 11

Give examples of interoreceptors.

Back 11

Receptors in viscera such as digestive tube, bladder, lungs and arteries.

Front 12

Give examples of proprioceptors.

Back 12

Receptors in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments.

Front 13

What do you call the sensory receptors that most readily responds to mechanical forces such as touch, pressure and stretch and vibration?

Back 13

Mechanoreceptors

Front 14

What do you call the receptors that most readily responds to temperature changes?

Back 14

Thermoreceptors

Front 15

What do you call the receptors that most redily responds to chimicals in solution and to changes in blood chemisty?

Back 15

Chemoreceptors

Front 16

What do you call the receptors that most readily responds to light.

Back 16

Photoreceptors
(receptors in the eye)

Front 17

What do you call the receptors that most readily responds to painful stimuli?

Back 17

Nociceptors

Front 18

What is the difference between a free nerve ending and an encapsulated nerve ending?

Back 18

Encapsulated nerve ending has layers of connective tissue, but free nerve ending does not have it.

Front 19

List four free nerve endings.
State function and adaption speed of each receptor.

Back 19

1.Free nerve endings of senseory neurons- respond to pain & temperature.
2. Merkel discs- respond to light touch, slow adapting.
3. Hair folicle- light touch, bending of hairs. rapidly adapting. Mosquito landing.
4. Itch receptors- Itch.

Front 20

List three encapsulate nerve endings.

Back 20

Meissner's corpuscles- light touch, fast adapting. (sensitive hairless area)
Pacinian Corpuscles- Deep touch, fast adapting.
Raffini endings- Constant pressure, slow adapting.

Front 21

Are temperature recptor and pain receptor slow or fast adapting?

Back 21

Temperature- fast adapting ( you get used to the temperature)
Pain-slow adapting ( you keep feeling the pain)

Front 22

List 3 proprioceptors and state its function.

Back 22

1.Muscle spindles- respond to stretch in the muscle.
2. Gollgi endon organs- respond to tension within tendons (rapid alteration of flexion and extention running)
3. Joint kinethetic receptors-respond to movement, monitor stretch in the synovial joints. (Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, free nerve endings)

Front 23

State the names of the first 6 pairs of cranial nerves, and its purpose and whether sensory or motor or both.

Back 23

1.Olfactory (smell, sensory), 2.Optic (vision, sensory),3.Oculomotor (eye movement, pupil reflex, motor), 4.Trochlear (eye movement, motor), 5.Trigeminal (sensation on skin-sensory, mustication-motor), 6. Abducen (eye movement-motor)

Front 24

State the names of the next 6 pairs of cranial nerves, and its purpose and whether sensory or motor or both.

Back 24

7. Facial (taste-sensory, facial expression-motor) 8. Vestibulocochlear (hearing & equilibrium- sensory), 9. Glossopharyngeal (taste-sensory, blood pressure & gas concentration-motor), 10. Vagus (larynx, swallowing, visceral-motor, taste, blood pressure, gas concentration- sensory) 11. Accessory (larynx, phrynx, tongue-motor),12. Hypoglossal(tongue-motor)

Front 25

How many spinal nerves are there? What are their names?

Back 25

Cervical nerves (C1-C8)
Thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
Lumber nerves (L1-L5)
Sacral nerves (S1-S5)
Coccygeal (Co1) ko'ksigeal
Total 31

Front 26

What do you call the sensory root of a spinal nerve?

Back 26

Dorsal root

Front 27

What do you call the motor root of a spinal nerve?

Back 27

Ventral root

Front 28

What do you call the small branches coming out of root that spread on the spinal cord?

Back 28

Rootlets

Front 29

Where does sensory fibers of dorsal root arise from?

Back 29

Dorsal root ganglion

Front 30

where does motor fibers of ventral root arise from?

Back 30

Ventral gray column of the spinal cord.

Front 31

What do you call the dorsal and ventral branches of the spinal nerves?

Back 31

Dorsal ramus
Ventral ramus

Front 32

State for each whether it is sensory, motor or both.
Dorsal root, ventral root
Dorsal ramus, ventral ramus

Back 32

Dorsal root (Sensory)
Ventral root (Motor)
Dorsal ramus (Both)
Ventral ramus (Both)

Front 33

What is a nerve plexus?

Back 33

A network of nerves

Front 34

Define nerves.

Back 34

Cable like bundle of axons

Front 35

What kind of nerve is nerve plexuses made of?

Back 35

Ventral rami only

Front 36

What do you call the cluster of nerves in the postrior triangle of neck?

Back 36

Cervical plexus

Front 37

What structure does cervical plexus innervate?

Back 37

1.Neck, 2.back of the head, 3. the most superior part of the shoulder 4. Diaphragm.

Front 38

What do you call the nerve in cerical plexus that innervate diaphragm?

Back 38

Phrenic nerve

Front 39

What structure does brachial plexus innervate?

Back 39

Upperlimb

Front 40

What structure does lumber plexus innervate?

Back 40

Abdomen, psoas(sublumber muscle) muscle and the anterior thigh.

Front 41

What structure does Sacral plexus innervate?

Back 41

Buttock, lower limb (legs and feet), pelvis, and perineum.

Front 42

Describe polio- what does it do? initial symptom?

Back 42

Polio virus enters the mouth, multiplies in the guts and attacks mainly motor neurons leading to loss of motor function of some nerves and muscle paralysis. Initial symptoms are like flu.

Front 43

Describe Shingles- medical name? what kind of virus causes it? Symptom?

Back 43

Herpes zoster, caused by varicella-zoster, chicken pox virus staying dormant, rash of scaly painful blisters.

Front 44

Migraine headaches- cause, what helps?

Back 44

Overstimulated Trigeminal releasing the chemical to dialate and inflame blood vessels. Caffeine will close the blood vessels.