The Pelvis

Front 1

Which of the joints of the pelvis is a synovial joint?

Back 1

The sacroiliac joint

The others (lumbosacral, sacrococcygeal, and pubic symphis) are secondary cartilagenous

Front 2

What is the function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

Back 2

Prevent anterior displacement of superior sacrum and convert greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramen

Front 3

List the six differences between the female and the male pelvis

Back 3

1. Females have a rounded pelvic inlet, males have heart shaped
2. Females have short pelvic canal with parallel walls, males is more lung and funnel shaped
3. Females have everted ischial tuberosities and spines
4. Females have a broader sciatic notch
5. Females have a broader close to 90 degree pubic arch, males is narrower
6. Females have a short and broad sacrum

Front 4

Which muscle forms the lateral wall of the pelvis? What does it pass through and where does it insert?

Back 4

Obturator Internus- Arises within lesser pelvis, passes through lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trachanter of femur

Front 5

What forms the tendinous arch in the pelvis?

Back 5

The obturator membrane (which forms medially)

Front 6

Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Back 6

Piriformis- attaches to sacrum, passes through greater sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter

Front 7

What muscles form the floor of the pelvis or pelvic diaphragm?

Back 7

levator ani (3 muscles) + coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

Front 8

The iliococcygeus is the most lateral part of which muscle, what are its attachements?

Back 8

It is the lateral part of the levator ani, and it arises from the tendinous arch and ischial spine (it blends with pubococcyugeus)

Front 9

What are the attachments of the coccygeus?

Back 9

Ischial spine to coccygeus/sacrum

Front 10

In females and males what do the ureters pass in their descent to the bladder?

Back 10

In females the ureters pass medial to uterine arteries origins
In male the ductus deferentes rest between ureters and peritoneum

Front 11

What is the level of sympathetics to the ureter?

Back 11

T11-L2. This is why kidney stone pain is referred and shifts.

Front 12

What is the level of parasympathetics to the ureter?

Back 12

S2-S4, and the vagus nerve superiorly.

Front 13

Which muscle makes up the muscular wall of the bladder?

Back 13

The detrusor muscle

Front 14

Which muscle only found in males prevents semen from entering the bladder?

Back 14

The internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)

Front 15

What forms the membranous urethra?

Back 15

The external urethral sphincter

Front 16

What does the round ligament connect?

Back 16

Uterus to labia majora (visible anteriorly)

Front 17

What does the suspensory ligament do?

Back 17

conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Front 18

What does the mesovarium suspend?

Back 18

Ovaries

Front 19

What does the mesosalpinx suspend?

Back 19

Uterine tubes

Front 20

What does the mesometrium suspend?

Back 20

Most of the uterus

Front 21

What is the name for the main mesentery which has subdivisions?

Back 21

Broad ligament

Front 22

True of false, the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes are Intraperitoneal?

Back 22

True

Front 23

Where is the retropubic space, and what does it do?

Back 23

Behind pubis, accomadates rectal expansion

Front 24

Where is the retrorectal space and what does it do?

Back 24

Behind rectum, allows for rectal expansion

Front 25

Where is the retrovesical pouch?

Back 25

In males, between bladder/prostate & rectum

Front 26

Where is the vesicouterine pouch?

Back 26

In females, Between bladder and uterus

Front 27

Where is the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Back 27

Between uterus and rectum

Front 28

Which Space or pouch can be easily accessed via posterior fornix?

Back 28

Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) (females)

Front 29

Which space or pouch is the lowest point in male peritoneal cavity?

Back 29

Rectovesical pouch, fluid drains here because its the lowest point

Front 30

What are the levels of the lumbosacral trunk?

Back 30

L4-L5

Front 31

What are the levels of the obturator nerve?

Back 31

L2-L4

Front 32

What are the levels of the sciatic nerve?

Back 32

L4-S3 Anterior and posterior division. Exits via greater sciatic foramen

Front 33

What are the levels of the Pudendal nerve?

Back 33

S2-S4 Anter Division- Exits via greater sciatic formamen, then enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

Front 34

What are the levels of the superior gluteal nerve?

Back 34

L4-S1 Posterior division- Exits via greater sciatic foramen

Front 35

What are the levels of the inferior gluteal nerve?

Back 35

L5-S2 Posterior division- Exits via greater sciatic foramen

Front 36

What is the Coccygeal plexus made of and what is its level?

Back 36

Ventral rami of S4-S5

Front 37

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

Back 37

The skin and muscles of perineum; main sensory nerve for external genitalia

Front 38

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

Back 38

Gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae

Front 39

What levels do the sympathetics of the pelvis arise from?

Back 39

T11-L2

Front 40

What levels do parasympathetics arise from?

Back 40

S2-S4