Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
in accordance with (phr.)
|
[formal] according to a rule or the way that sb says that sth should be done
gemäss, zufolge, laut |
The position must be filled in accordance with the requirements of our human resource policy.
|
|
|
accountancy (n)
|
[U] the work or profession of an accountant or bookkeeper
die Buchhaltung |
Accountancy ist a profession that is essential to the control of business activities
|
|
|
accountant (n)
|
a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
der Buchhalter |
Precision is essential to the work of an accounant
|
|
|
acquisition (n)
|
[C, U] [business] a company, piece of land, etc. bought by sb, especially another company; the act of buying
der Erwerb, Ankauf |
They have made acquisitions in several EU countries. | the acquisition of shares by employees
|
|
|
administration (n)
|
(also [informal] admin) [U]; the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business, school or other institution
die Administration, Verwaltung |
Administration costs are passed on to the customer. | the day-to-day administration of a company | I work in the Sales Administration Department.
|
|
|
administrative (adj.)
|
connected with organizing the work of a business or an institution
administrativ |
Not many business school graduates want an administrative job. | an administrative assistant/error.
|
|
|
advisor (n)
|
( ~ to sb, on sth) a person who gives advice, especially sb who knows a lot about a particular subject
der Berater |
a special adviser to the President on education
|
|
|
agenda n.
|
a list of items to be discussed at a meeting;
Traktanden |
The next item on the agenda is the publicity budget. | For the government, education is now at the top of the agenda (= most important). | In our company, quality is high on the agenda. | Newspapers have been accused of trying to set the agenda for the government (= decide what is important).
|
|
|
airline (n)
|
[C+sing./pl. v.] a company that provides regular flights to take passengers and goods to different places
die Fluggesellschaft |
Easy Jet would like to become an intercontinental aireline | an airline pilot
|
|
|
allocate (v)
|
(~ sth for sth | ~ sth to sb/sth | ~ sb/sth sth) to give sth officialy to sb/sth for a particular purpose
zuordnen, -weisen, vergeben |
They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. | A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. | More resources are being allocated to the project
|
|
|
allocation (n)
|
1. [C] an amount of money, space, etc. that is given to sb for a particular purpose
2. [U] the act of giving sth to sb for a particular purpose die Einteilung, Vergabe |
Relief agencies are managing the allocation of food to those who need it most
|
|
|
allowance (n)
|
an amount of money that is given to sb regularly or for a particular purpose
die Spesen |
Members of the British House of Lords receive a 300 daily allowance | a clothing/living/travel allowance | Do you get an allowance for clothing?
|
|
|
analyst (n)
|
a person whose job involves examining facts or materials in order to give an opinion on them
der Analytiker, Analyst |
City analysts are forecasting a drop in porfits this year | a political/credit analyst
|
|
|
announcement (n)
|
[C] a spoken or written statement that informs people about sth
die Ankündigung, Durchsage |
Today’s announcement of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.
|
|
|
assess (v)
|
(~ sb/sth as sth) to make a judgement about the nature or quality of sb/sth [vn]
etw. schätzen, festlegen, steuerlich veranlagn |
It’s difficult to assess the effects of these changes. The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. | We are trying to assess how well the system works.
|
|
|
assessment (n)
|
[C] an opinion or a judgement about sb/sth that has been thought about very cerefully; [SYN] evaluation
die Abschätzung, Einschätzung |
a detailed assessment of the risks involved | his assessment of the situation
|
|
|
asset (n)
|
[usually pl.] a thing of value, especially property, that a person of company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts
das Vermögen, der Aktivposten |
the net asset value of the company | Her assets include shares in the company and a house in France. | asset sales / management | financial / capital assets
|
|
|
assumption (n)
|
[C] a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof
die Annahme, Vermutung |
We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. | His actions were based on a false assumption. | an underlying / implicit assumption
|
|
|
audit (n, v)
|
[C, U] an independent examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct
die Revision, Buchprüfung |
The process of conducting an audit involves opening the books of a company to independent inspection. | an annual audit | a tax audit
|
|
|
auditor (n)
|
a person who independently examines the business and financial records of a company
der Revisor, Wirtschaftsprüfer |
An auditor has to avoid anz conflict of interest in the sense that he/she must have no relationship with the company being examined.
|
|
|
authorize (v)
|
to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth [vn]
autorisieren, bewilligen |
I can authorize payments up to £5 000. | an authorized biography | [vn to inf] [often passive] I have authorized him to act for me while I am away.
|
|
|
banker (n)
|
a person who owns a bank or has an (important) job at a bank
der Bankier |
Peter was a merchant banker with a lot of experience in the Far East.
|
|
|
biotechnology (n)
|
[U] [technical] the use of living cells and bacteria in industrial and scientific processes
die Biotechnologie |
There has been a lot of controversy about the use of biotechnology in the development of new food products.
|
|
|
bond (n)
|
[C] an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent; a document containing this agreement
die Anleihe, Obligation |
Treasury bonds have tradtionally been a safe way to make low-interest returns.
|
|
|
bonus (n)
|
an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially to sb's wages as a reward
die Dividende, Extrazahlung |
In the financial services industry the end-of-year bonus can make up a large part of a personal's annual remuneration | productivity bonuses
|
|
|
boom (n, v)
|
(~ in sth) a sudden increase in trade and economic activity; a period of wealth and success
der Aufschwung, die Konjunktur |
a boom in car sales
Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom. a boom year (for trade, exports, etc.) a property / housing boom a chaotic period of boom and bust |
|
|
boost (v, n)
|
1. to make sth increase, or become better or more successful
2. something that helps of encourages sb/sth 1. erhöhen, fördern, hochtreiben 2. der Anstieg, Auftrieb |
1. to boost exports / profits
The movie helped boost her screen career. to boost sb’s confidence / morale Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego (= make him feel more confident). 2. a great / tremendous / welcome boost The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy. |
|
|
borrower (n)
|
a person or an oganization that borrows money, especially from a bank
der Kreditnehmer, Schuldner |
Never a borrower or a lender be (traditional saying = never borrow or lend money because it only leads to difficulties=
|
|
|
breach (n, v)
|
1. [C, U] (~ of sth) a failure to do sth that must be done by law:
2. [C,U] (~ of sth) an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way 1. die Rechtsverletzung, der Verstoss 2. die Übertretung, Bruch |
a breach of contract / copyright / warranty
They are in breach of Article 119 a breach of confidence / trust a breach of security (= when is no longer secure) |
|
|
broadband (n)
|
a way of connecting a computer to the Internet which allows you to receive data very quickly
das Breitband |
Broadband in people's home has made online shopping a more popular way of buying goods and services.
|
|
|
broker (n)
|
a person who buys and sells things for other people
der Börsenmakler |
She's been an insurance broker for several years and has built up a steady network of clients.
|
|
|
burden (n, v)
|
(the ~ of sth | a ~ on /to sb) a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
die Auflage, Bürde, Last, belasten |
bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden
The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state. the heavy tax burden on working people |
|
|
carrier (n)
|
a company that carries goods or passengers from one place to another, especially by air
die Fluggesellschaft, Fluglinie |
When flying to another country, your carrier can be made to share the responsibility for your having the correct immigration documents at your destination
|
|
|
cater (v.)
|
1. (~ for sb/sth) to provide food and drinks for a social event
2. (~ to sb/sth) to provide the things that a particular type or person wants, especially things that the speaker/writer does not approve of 1. Lebensmittel liefern 2. auf jmd. abzielen, zugeschnitten sein |
(BrE) Most of our work now involves catering for weddings.
They only publish novels which cater to the mass-market. |
|
|
cater for
|
to provide the things that a particular person or situation needs or wants in a neutral or positive sense
jmdn./etw. (mit Lbensmittel) beliefern, jmdn./etw. ansprechen |
The hotel chain caters for the needs of the cost-conscious business traveller.
|
|
|
catering (n)
|
the work providing food and drink for meetings or social events
das Catering, die Lebensmittelversorgung |
Who will be doing the catering at this year's annual general meeting?
|
|
|
chartered (adj.)
|
qualified according to the rules of a professional organization, which, in the UK, has a royal character
amtlich zugelassen, mit königlicher Urkunde |
She's a chartered accountant
a chartered accountant / surveyor / engineer, etc. |
|
|
clause (n)
|
an item in a legal document that says that a particular thing must or must not be done
die Klausel, der Paragraph |
A clause in the contract shows that copyright belongs to the company.
|
|
|
Co. (abbr)
|
company
der Betrieb, die Firma |
Dombey & Co. have been active in the City of London for over 150 years.
|
|
|
commodity (n)
|
[economics] a raw material or an (unfinished) product that can be bought and/or sold
der Rohstoff |
rice, flour and other basic commodities
a drop in commodity prices Crude oil is the world’s most important commodity. |
|
|
compensation (n)
|
[U, C] something, especially money, that sb gives you because they have hurt you, or damaged sth that you own; the act of giving this to sb
die Kompensation, Entschädigung |
Winning compensation as a result of legal action in the UK courts requires clear evidence and helpful precedents.
to claim / award / receive compensation to pay compensation for injuries at work to receive £10 000 in compensation. |
|
|
competitor (n)
|
a person or an organization that tries to be better or more successful against others that are engaged in the same or similar activity, especially in business
der Konkurrent, Mitbewerber |
our main competitors are low-cost producers in developing countries.
|
|
|
completion n.
|
[U] the act or process of finishing sth; the state of being finished and complete
der Abschluss |
the completion of the new hospital building
Satisfactory completion of the course does not ensure you a job. The project is due for completion in the spring. The road is nearing completion (= it is nearly finished). the date of completion / the completion date |
|
|
comply v.
|
[v] (~ with sth) to obey a rule, an order, etc.;
einwilligen |
They refused to comply with the UN resolution.
|
|
|
component n., adj.
|
one of several parts of which sth is made
der Bestandteil |
Key components of the government’s plan were …
Trust is a vital component in any relationship. |
|
|
comprise v.
|
(also be ~d of) to have sb/sth as parts;
einschließen, umfassen; bestehen aus |
The collection comprises 327 paintings.
The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors. |
|
|
confidential adj.
|
meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people
|
confidential information / documents
Your medical records are strictly confidential (= completely secret). |
|
|
consistently adj.
|
-
|
Her work has been of a consistently high standard | We have argued consistently for a change in the law.
|
|
|
consistent adj.
|
consistent with sth in agreement with sth; not contradicting sth
übereinstimmend, vereinbar |
The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
injuries consistent with a fall from an upper storey |
|
|
constraint n.
|
[C] (~ on sth) a thing that limits or restricts sth, or your freedom to do sth
|
This decision will impose serious constraints on the freedom of investors to withdraw their funds from banks | constraints of time/money/space | financial/economic/legal/political constraints
|
|
|
consumption n.
|
the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
der Verbrauch, Konsum |
the production of fuel for domestic consumption (= to be used in the country where it is produced)
Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather. |
|
|
contractor n.
|
a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another company
der Auftragnehmer, Subunternehmer |
Contractors usually have to work to specific time schedules
a building / haulage, etc. contractor to employ an outside contractor |
|
|
cooperation n.
|
(~ with sb) (in doing sth) | ~ between A and B) the fact of doing sth together or of working together towards a shared aim
Zusammenarbeit |
a report produced by the government in cooperation with the chemical industry
We would like to see closer cooperation between parents and schools. |
|
|
cooperative adj., n.
|
[usually before noun] [business] owned and run by the people involved, with the profits shared by them
kooperativ |
Companies run on a cooperative basis are protected from unfriendly takeovers by their competitors
|
|
|
corporate adj.
|
connected with a corporation
Firmen..., Unternehmens... |
We will have a corporate image problem if we are found to be dealing with suppliers whose factory conditions are very poor | corporate finance/planning/strategy | corporate identity | corporate hospitality
|
|
|
corporation n.
|
(abbr. Corp.) a large business company
die Aktiengesellschaft |
The Chrysler corporation is one of the big three remaining US auto manufacturers | multinational corporations
|
|
|
correspond v.
|
(~ to / with sth) to be the same as or match sth
sich decken, etw. entsprechen |
Your account of events does not correspond with hers | Your account and hers do not correspond | The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said.
|
|
|
corresponding adj.
|
(~ to sth) matching or connected with sth that you have just mentioned
gemäss, entsprechend, übereinstimmend |
A change in the money supply can bring about a corresponding change in expenditure patterns | Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year.
|
|
|
creation n.
|
[U] the act or process of making sth that is new, or of causing sth to exist that did not exist before
Schöpfung, Kreation |
the process of database creation
wealth creation He had been with the company since its creation in 1989. |
|
|
creditor n.
|
a person, company, etc. that sb owes money to
Gläubiger |
The company’s creditors were knocking on the door.
|
|
|
currency n.
|
[C, U] the system of money that a country uses
Währung |
trading in foreign currencies
a single European currency You’ll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card. |
|
|
database n.
|
an organized set of information that is stored in a computer and can be looked at and used in various ways
|
Keeping the company's database up to date recquires that we allocate sufficient resources to the job.
|
|
|
dealer n.
|
(~ in sth) a person whose business is buying and selling a particular product
Händler(in) |
an art / antique dealer
He’s a dealer in second-hand cars |
|
|
debtor n.
|
a person, a country or an organization that owes money;
Schuldner(in) |
The company's deptors had an habit of settling their bills as late as possible | Our debtors are insolvent.
|
|
|
decision-making n.
|
[U] the process of choosing about sth important, especially in a group of people or in an organization
|
Decision-making in this company is usually slow because so many people are involved.
|
|
|
deficit n.
|
(economics) the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time
das Defizit |
a budget / trade deficit
The trade balance has been in deficit for the past five years. |
|
|
delegate n., v.
|
(~ sth to sb) to give part of your work, power or authority to sb in a lower position than you
|
Some managers find it difficult to delegate.
[vn] The job had to be delegated to an assistant. |
|
|
dependent adj.
|
(~ on / upon sb/sth for sth) needing sb/sth in order to survive or be successful
abhängig |
The festival is heavily dependent on sponsorship for its success.
|
|
|
depreciation n.
|
(business) to reduce the value, as stated in the company’s accounts, of a particular asset over a particular period of time
Wertverlust |
The bank depreciates PCs over a period of five years.
|
|
|
differ v.
|
1. (A and B ~ from each other | A ~s from B) to be different from sb/sth:
2. (~ with sb about / on / over sth) to disagree with sb sich unterscheiden |
1. They hold differing views.
French differs from English in this respect. French and English differ in this respect. 2. I have to differ with you on that. Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease. |
|
|
directive n.
|
an official instruction
Anweisung |
The EU has issued a new set of directives on pollution.
|
|
|
disclose v.
|
(~ sth to sb) to give sb information about sth, especially sth that was previously secret;
enthüllen |
The spokesman refused to disclose details of the takeover to the press.
[v that] The report discloses that human error was to blame for the accident. |
|
|
disclosure n.
|
[U] the act of making sth known or public that was previously secret or private
Enthüllung |
the newspaper’s disclosure of defence secrets
|
|
|
dismissal n.
|
[U, C] the act of dismissing sb from their job; an example of this;
Entlassung |
He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal.
The dismissals followed the resignation of the chairman. |
|
|
disposal n.
|
[U] the act of getting rid of sth
[C] (business) the sale of part of a business, property, etc. Beseitigung |
The company was in serious disposal of its subsidiary in Ireland as a solution
a bomb disposal squad sewage disposal systems the disposal of nuclear waste |
|
|
at your disposal phr.
|
available for use as you prefer/sb prefers
zu jmd./seiner Verfügung |
He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month | Well, I'm just at your disposal
|
|
|
dispute n., v.
|
[C, U] (~ between A and B) | ~ over / about sth) an argument or a disagreement between two people, groups or countries; discussion about a subject where there is disagreement
Streit |
a dispute between the two countries about the border
the latest dispute over fishing rights industrial / pay disputes The union is in dispute with management over working hours. The cause of the accident was still in dispute His theories are open to dispute |
|
|
dividend n.
|
an amount of the profits that a company pays to people who own shares in the company
Dividende |
dividend payments of 50 cents a share
|
|
|
dominant adj.
|
more important, powerful or noticeable than other things
dominant |
The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market.
|
|
|
dot-com (also dotcom) n.
|
a company that sells goods and services on the Internet, especially one whose address ends ‘.com’:
|
Many of the waker dot-coms disappeared during the last recession
a dot-com millionaire |
|
|
e- (combining form)
|
[in nouns and verbs] connected with the use of electronic communication, especially the Internet, for sending information, doing business, etc.
|
As Michael Prter predicted, e-commerce has become part of the mainstream economy | e-business
|
|
|
earnings n.
|
the money that you earn for the work that you do; the profit that a company makes: ~ per share
Einkommen, Gewinn |
a rise in average earnings
compensation for loss of earnings caused by the accident export earnings |
|
|
economics n.
|
[U] the study of how a society organizes its money, trade and industry; [pl., U] the way in which money influences, or is organized within an area of business or society
Volkswirtschaft(slehre); Wirtschaftlichkeit |
He studied politics and economics at Yale.
Keynsian / Marxist economics The economics of the project are very encouraging. |
|
|
economist n.
|
a person who studies or writes about economics
der Ökonom |
John Kenneth Galbraith was an economist who also served as President Kennedy's ambassador to India
|
|
|
effectiveness n.
|
producing the result that is wanted or intended; producing a successful result
die Effektivität, Wirksamkeit |
It is difficult to check the true effecitveness of indirect advertising because people's purchasing motivation is so complex
|
|
|
efficiency n.
|
[U] the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money;
~ies [pl.] ways of wasting less time and money or of saving time or money die Effizienz, Nutzwert, Leitungsfähigkeit |
The introduction of the new piecerate payment system led to improvements in efficiency at the factory | I was impressed by the efficieny with which she handled the crisis.
|
|
|
electronics n.
|
U] the use of electronic technology, especially in developing new equipment
Elektrik, Elektronik |
the electronics industry has seen a commodization of most of its product offerings in recent years
|
|
|
enhance v.
|
[vn] to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth;
steigern, verbessern |
This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.
the skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features |
|
|
enhanced adj.
|
verbessert, gesteigert
|
The use of robots has led to greatly enhanced productivity at our factory
|
|
|
enterprise n.
|
[C] a company or business
Unternehmen |
an enterprise with a turnover of $26 billion
state-owned / public enterprises small and medium-sized enterprises |
|
|
equity n.
|
[U] (finance) the value of a company’s shares; the value of a property after all charges and debts have been paid
Firmenkapital, Eigenkapital |
The relationship between equity and dept capital is called a company's gearing in the UK
|
|
|
evaluate v.
|
to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after thinking about it carefully
schätzen; abschätzen, bewerten, beurteile |
Our research department evaluates the true long-term return on different forms of investment | [v wh-] We need to evaluate what needs to be done next
|
|
|
exceed v.
|
to be greater than a particular number or amount;
überschreiten; übertreffen |
The price will not exceed £100.
His achievements have exceeded expectations. |
|
|
excess n., adj.
|
[sing., U] (~ of sth) more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
Übermass, Überschuss |
Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?
He started drinking to excess after losing his job. The increase will not be in excess of two per cent. |
|
|
in excess of
|
höher als, mehr als
|
In an excess of enthusiasm I agreed to work late
|
|
|
exclusive adj.
|
only to be used by one particular person or group; only given to one particular person or group
|
The hotel has exclusive access to the beach.
exclusive rights to televise the World Cup His mother has told ‘The Times’ about his death in an exclusive interview. |
|
|
exclusively adv.
|
ausschliesslich, exklusiv
|
'WhatCrop' is a charity that relies almost exclusively on voluntary contributions
|
|
|
exemption n.
|
[U, C] (~ from sth) official permission not to do sth or pay sth that you would normally have to do or pay
die Freistellung, Befreiung |
The company was given an exemption form the import levy based on its importance to the local economy
|
|
|
expansion n.
|
[U, C] an act of increasing or making sth increase in size, amount or importance
Ausbreitung; Ausdehnung, Erweiterung |
The country is going through a period of rapid economic expansion | Despite the recession the company is confident of further expansion.
|
|
|
expenditure n.
|
the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent;
Ausgaben, Aufwand |
The budget provided for a total expenditure of £27 billion.
a reduction in public/government/military expenditure plans to increase expenditure on health |
|
|
expertise n.
|
[U] (~ in sth / in doing sth) expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job
Fachkenntnis, fachliche Kompetenz |
They have considerable expertise in dealing with oil spills.
We have the expertise to help you run your business. professional/scientific/technical expertise |
|
|
external adj.
|
happening or coming from outside a place, an organization, your particular situation, etc.:
extern, (betriebs)fremd, |
A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down.
external pressures on the economy |
|
|
fiscal adj.
|
connected with government or public money, especially taxes
Finanz-, steuerrechtlich |
The fiscal year in the United Kingdom ends on 5 April | fiscal policies/reform
|
|
|
flexibility n.
|
(approving) able to change to suit new conditions or situations: noun [U]
Anpassungsfähigkeit, Flexibilität |
Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.
|
|
|
flexible adj.
|
able to change to suit new conditions or situations
|
Our plans need to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone | You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach | a more flexible approach/flexible working hours
|
|
|
framework n.
|
(~ of / for sth) a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc.
Gerüst, Struktur |
The report provides a framework for further research.
|
|
|
franchise n., v.
|
[C, U] [formal] permission given by a company to sb who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area; formal permission given by a government to sb who wants to operate a public service as a business:
die Verkaufskonzession, der Lizenzbetrieb |
In the reorganization, Southern Television lost their franchise.
to operate a business under franchise a franchise agreement/company a catering/rail franchise |
|
|
franchising n
|
the act of giving a franchise to sb
die Konzessionserteilung |
As a way of growing a business franchising has gained in popularity in recent decades
|
|
|
fraud n.
|
[U, C] the crime of cheating sb in order to get money or goods illegally;
Betrug |
She was charged with credit card fraud.
property that has been obtained by fraud a $100 million fraud |
|
|
GDP n.
|
the abbreviation for ‘G~ D~ P~’ (the total value of all the goods and services produced by a country in one year);
Gross Domestic Product = BIP |
GDP is not always the best measure of national wellbeing as it takes insufficient account of comparative purchasing power
|
|
|
globalization n.
|
[U] the fact that different cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar to each other because of the influence of large multinational companies and of improved communication
die Globalisierung |
The modern process of globalization is generally agreed to have begun in the 1980s.
|
|
|
gross adj., adv., v., n.
|
1. [only before noun] being the total amount of sth before anything is taken away: ~ weight (= including the container or wrapping)
2. [only before noun] (formal or law) (of a crime, etc.) very obvious and unacceptable 1. Brutto 2. grob, hässlich, krass, grausam |
1. gross income / wage (= before taxes, etc. are taken away) | Investments showed a gross profit of 26%
2. gross indecency/negligence/misonduct | a gross violation of human rights |
|
|
guidance n.
|
(~ on sth) help or advice that is given to sb, especially by sb older or with more experience
die Führung, Leitung |
Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor | [NAME] a guidance counselor
|
|
|
guidelines n.
|
rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to do sth, especially sth difficult
Richtlinien |
The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill.
|
|
|
hi(gh)-tech adj.
|
using the most modern methods and mechines, especially electronic ones;
[of designs, objects, etc.] very modern in appearance; using modern materials High-Tech-..., Spitzentechnologie |
In the living room was a high-tech table made of glass and steel | high-tech industries
|
|
|
holder n.
|
a person who has or owns the thing mentioned
Halter, Inhaber |
holders of high office in an organisation are often in the public eye | a licence holder | a season ticket holder | the current holder of the world record | the holder of a French passport
|
|
|
holding n
|
(~ in sth) a number of shares that sb has in a company
der Anteil, Beteiligung |
She has a 40 % holding in the company
|
|
|
implement v.
|
[vn] to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
einführen, anwenden, implementieren |
The company urgently needed to implement changes in its HR policies | implement decisions/policies/reforms
|
|
|
implementation n.
|
the act of making sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
die Einführung, Anwendung |
The implementation of the new system took far longer than expected
|
|
|
incentive n.
|
[C, U] (~ for / to sb/sth) (to do sth) something that encourages you to do sth
Anreiz, Ansporn |
The government introduced tax incentives to encourage savings | There is no incentive for people to save energy
|
|
|
incorporate v.
|
(~ sth in / into / within sth) to include sth so that it forms a part of sth
(mit) einbeziehen; enthalten; eingliedern |
Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan.
The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. We have incorporated all the latest safety features into the design. |
|
|
incorporated adj. (abbr. Inc.)
|
formed into a business company with legal status
amtlich als AG eingetragen |
Acme Inc. is known for its high level of after-sales service
|
|
|
incur v.
|
to bring sth unpleasant on oneself, to be in a situation which has to be dealt with, to bring about costs which have to be paid
sich etwas zuziehen, auf sich laden; Schulden machen; Verluste erleiden |
You risk incurring bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit.
She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying without his consent |
|
|
inflation n
|
a general rise in the prices of services and goods in a particular country, resulting in a fall in the value of money; the rate at which this happens
Abwertung, Inflation |
the fight against rising inflation
to control / curb inflation to reduce / bring down inflation a high / low rate of inflation an inflation rate of 3% Wage increases must be in line with inflation. Inflation is currently running at 3%. |
|
|
innovation n.
|
[U] the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing sth
Neuerung, Inflation |
an age of technological innovation
recent innovations in steel-making technology |
|
|
input n, v.
|
[C, U] (~ in(to) / to / on sth | ~ of sth) time, knowledge, ideas, etc. that you put into work, a project, etc. in order to make it succeed; the act of putting sth in
der Aufwand, Input, Einsatz der Beitrag |
Her specialist input in the discussions has been very useful | I'd appreciate your input on this | There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.
|
|
|
institutional adj.
|
[usually before noun] connected with a large important organisation that has a specific purpose
institutionell, Institutions... |
The support of institutional investors is vital if the board of directors is to get its policies accepted by a company's AGM | institutional care
|
|
|
integrate v.
|
[vn] (~ A into / with B) | ~ A and B) to combine two or more things so that they work together; to combine with sth else in this way
(sich) integrieren; zusammenschließen; eingliedern, -beziehen |
These programs will integrate with your existing software. | [vn] These programs can be integrated with your existing software.
|
|
|
integrated adj.
|
[usually before noun] in which many different parts are closely connected and work successfully together
eingebaut, eingebunden, integriert |
Munich has an integrated transport system. (= including buses, trains, taxis, etc.) | an integrated school (= attended by students of all races and religions)
|
|
|
interim adj.
|
1. intended to last for only a short time until sb/sth more permanent is found.
2. (finance) calculated before the final results of sth are known vorläufig, zwischenzeitlich |
an interim government / measure / report | The vice-president took power in the interim period before the election | interim figures / profits / results
|
|
|
investor n.
|
a person or an organization that invests money in sth.
|
Small investors often talk a lot at AGM's | institutional investors
|
|
|
invoice n, v.
|
a list of goods that have been sold, work that has been done etc. showing what you must pay;
die Rechnung |
He received an invoice for 250 some weeks after the job was completed | to send/issue/settle an invoice for goods
|
|
|
landlord n.
|
a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc.
der Grundbesitzer, Vermieter, Pächter |
My landlord was very fair and never put the rent up
|
|
|
laptop n.
|
a small, flat computer that can work with a battery and be easily carried
der Laptop |
A good laptop does not need to have its battery recharged every day
|
|
|
leadership n.
|
1. [U] the state or position of being the person who set goals for and directs a group of people or an organisation
2. [U] the ability to be the person who sets goals and directs a group of people or an organisation or the qualities such a person should have die Leitung, (Mitarbeiter)führung das Führungsverhalten |
The company thrived under his leadership | Strong leadership is needed to captain the team | leadership qualities/skills
|
|
|
lease n., v.
|
a legal agreement that allows you to use a building, a piece of equipment or some land for a period of time, usually in return for rent
die Pacht, die Miete, das Leasing pachten, vermieten, mieten, leasen |
The lease expires/runs out next year | Under the terms of the lease, you have to pay maintenance charges | to take out a lease on a house
|
|
|
leasing n.
|
the process of arranging and making use of a building, a piece of equipment or some land for a period of time, usually in return for rent
das Leasing, Pachten |
Car leasing is not always the most economical way to secure use of a vehicle | a leasing company
|
|
|
legislation n.
|
a law or a set of laws passed by a parliament
die Gesetzgebung, das Recht |
New legislation on the trading of financial derivatives will be introduces next year | an important piece of legislation
|
|
|
leisure n.
|
[U] time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
die Freizeit |
These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it | leisure activities/interests/pursuits
|
|
|
lender n.
|
[finance] a person or an organization that lends money
der Geld-, Kreditgeber |
Never a lender nor a borrower be
|
|
|
liability n.
|
[U] (~ for sth | ~ to do sth) the state of being legally responsible for sth;
Haftung |
The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.
|
|
|
liable adj.
|
(~ for sth) legally responsible for paying the cost of sth;
haftbar |
You will be held liable for any damage caused. | The court ruled he could not be held personally liable for his wife’s debts
|
|
|
limitation n.
|
[C] (~ on sth) a rule, fact or condition that limits
Einschränkung, Begrenzung |
The new Banking Act's imposes limitations on banks' ability to lend money on an unsecured basis | to impose limitations on imports
|
|
|
liquidity n.
|
[U] [finance] the state of owning things of value that can easily be exchanged for cash
die Zahlungsfähigkeit, Liquidität |
A lack of liquidity can very quickly cause a company to go out of business
|
|
|
long-term adj.
|
that which will last or have an effect over an extended period of time
längerfristig, auf lange Sicht |
The company lacks a long-term strategy | the long-term effects of fertilizers | a long-term investment | long-term unemployment
|
|
|
Ltd abbr.
|
abbreviation for Limited Liability [used after the name of a British company or business]
Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH) |
Pearce and Co. Ltd
|
