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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Newton's First Law |
A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a force |
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Newton's Second Law |
Force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum |
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Newton's Third Law |
When one body exerts a force on another the other body exerts an equal in magnitude and opposite in direction force on the first body |
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Linear Momentum |
The product of Mass and Velocity; momentum is a vector |
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Newton |
The force which gives a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 m/s |
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Net force on a body |
Proportional to the rate of change of momentum |
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Impulse of a force |
Product of force acting on a body and the time it's acting; equal to the rate of change of momentum |
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Principle of Conservation of Momentum |
Total momentum is conserved for a closed system/provided with no external forces |
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Perfectly elastic collision |
A collision with no loss of kinetic energy |
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Inelastic Collision |
Some loss of kinetic energy during the collision
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Radian |
Unit of angle or phase difference; 1 radian is the angle subtended by an arc of the circumference equal to the radius; 2π = 360° |
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Circular Motion |
Occurs when a net force acts on an object perpendicular to the velocity |
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Centripetal Force (explain) |
When a force is perpendicular to the velocity of an object it will make the object describe a circular path |
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Centripetal Acceleration (explain) |
Velocity (direction) is always changing, giving acceleration towards the centre of the circle described |
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Gravitational Field Strength |
Force per unit mass |
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Newton's Law of Gravitation |
The gravitation force of attraction between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres of mass |
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Period |
Time taken for one complete oscillation/rotation; Time period = 1/frequency |
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Geostationary Orbit |
An orbit around the Earth that has the same period of rotation as the Earth (24 hours) and is in the equatorial plane |
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Displacement |
Distance from the equilibrium position |
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Amplitude |
Amplitude is the maximum displacement |
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Frequency |
Oscillations/rotations per second; frequency = 1/time period |
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Angular Frequency |
Product of 2π x frequency |
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Phase Difference |
The difference between the pattern of vibration of two point/waves where one leads or lags behind the other |
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Simple Harmonic Motion |
Acceleration is (directly) proportional to displacement and is directed in the opposite direction to the displacement |
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Brownian Motion |
Smoke particles move in random/haphazard/zig-zag/jiggling/jerky manner |
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Pressure (explain) |
Pressure= force/area; (molecules make collisions with walls, hence exert a force on the wall) |
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Internal Energy |
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system |
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Thermal Equilibrium |
No net heat flow between objects as regions are of equal temperature |
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Absolute zero |
The temperature at which a substance has minimum internal energy |
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Specific Heat Capacity |
Energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K |
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Latent heat of fusion |
Thermal energy required to change a solid into a liquid at a constant temperature/to be removed to change a liquid into a solid at a constant temperature |
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Latent heat of vaporisation |
Thermal energy required to change a liquid into a gas at a constant temperature/to be removed to change a gas into a liquid at constant temperature |
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Boyle's Law |
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature |
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Basic Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases |
1. Molecules move with rapid, random motion 2. Perfectly elastic collisions 3. Negligible volume of molecules compared with volume of container 4. No intermolecular forces except during collisions/all internal energy is KE 5. Collision time negligible compared to time between collisions 6. Gravitational force on molecules is negligible |
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Mole |
Contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles |
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Kilowatt-Hour |
The energy used/provided by a 1kW device in 1 hour |
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Heat |
Form of energy which flows as a result of a temperature gradient |
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Temperature |
The property of a body which determines the direction of heat flow Or Temperature of an ideal gas is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of the molecules |
