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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the basic working unit of the brain?
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The neuron
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Deine Neuron
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a specialized cell that transmits information to other nerve cells, muscles, or gland cells
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How many neurons are in the brain?
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between 1 billion to 1 trillion
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Describe the structure of a neuron
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A cell body contains a nucleus, the axon, small axon branches, and the ending with nerve terminals.
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What is the electricity conducting fiber of the neuron called?
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the axon
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What are synapses?
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contact points where one neuron commonicates with another
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Dendrites is greek for what?
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Branches of a tree
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Synapses is Greek for what?
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clasp together
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What do dendrites do?
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Receive messages rom other neurons
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How do neuron signals work?
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Neuron sends an elecronic impulse along the axon.
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What is myelin?
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specialized cells, usually on the axon, that speeds the electrical signals along the axon.
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What is an ion Channel?
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water-filled molecular tunnels that pass through the cell membrane and allow ions or small molecules to enter or leave the cell
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What is an ion?
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an electrically charged atom
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What causes a voltage change across the membrane?
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The flow of the ions in the ion channels produce an elctric current
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What decides whether a neuron will fire?
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There must be a difference in electrical charge between the outside and inside of the cell
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How fast can an action potential be?
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up to several hundred miles an hour
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What are neurotransmitters?
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Chemical messengers that are releared from nerve ending terminals and bind to receptors on the surface of the target neuron.
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How do neurotransmitters and receptors work?
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Like a key in an ignition. Eac receptor has a shaped part that exactly matches the neurotransmitter. This exac puzzle match changes the neurons outer membrane and triggers a change like a muscle movement.
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Synapse
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Contact points where one neuron communicates with another
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What r the 3 branches of the Axon?
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nerve terminals
axon teminals terminal fibers |
