The Neurobiology Of Sex (Chapter 12)

Front 1

activational effect

Back 1

A temporary change in behavior resulting from the administration of a hormone to an adult animal.

Hint 1

treating a castrated male with testosterone will restore mating behavior if treatment is stopped, the behavior fades again

Front 2

Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

Back 2

A hypothalamic region involved in eating and sexual behaviors (lordosis)

Front 3

periaqueductal gray region

Back 3

neuronal boduy rich region of the midbrain surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that connects the third and fourth ventricles. Involved in pain reception.

Hint 3

recieves axons from the VMH to diminish lordosis

Front 4

Medullary reticular formation

Back 4

part of the brainstem reticular formation used for motor control and copulatory behavior.

Hint 4

recieves signals from the periaqueductal gray region

Front 5

reticulospinal tract

Back 5

tract of axons arising from the brain stem reticular formation and descending to the spinal cord to modulate movement.

Front 6

Organizational Effect

Back 6

The effect of a hormone on tissue differentiation and development.

Front 7

Dihydrotestoterone

Back 7

An androgen, produced from testosterone through the action of the enzyme 5 reductase

Front 8

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Back 8

A condition caused by a congenital lack of functioning androgen receptors.

Front 9

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome

Back 9

A condition caused by a lack of anti mullerian hormone receptors for this hormone. In a male this causes development of both female and male internal sex organs.

Front 10

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Back 10

a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonandotropic hormone.

Front 11

gonadotropic hormone

Back 11

a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that has a stimulating effect on the cells of the gonads.

Front 12

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Back 12

The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of an ovarian follicle and the maturation of it as an ovum.

Front 13

Luteinizing hormone

Back 13

A hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes ovulation and development of the ovarian follicle into a corpus lutetium.

Front 14

Ovarian follicle

Back 14

a cluster of epithelial cells surrounding an oocyte which later develops into an ovum.

Front 15

Corpus Luteum

Back 15

A cluster of cells that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation, secretes estradiol and progesterone.

Front 16

Progesterone

Back 16

A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy

Front 17

Estradiol E2 effects on female rats

Back 17

Female rats did not display lodorsis when treated with estradiol. it masculinizes female brains.

Front 18

aromatease

Back 18

enzyme for converting Testosterone to Estrogen.

Front 19

A Fetoprotein

Back 19

prevents female brains from being masculinized by maternal estrogens.

Front 20

Lee boot effect

Back 20

The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together, caused by a phernome in the animals urine.

Front 21

Witten effect

Back 21

syncronization of women's cycles. only occurs in t he prescence of a phernome of a males urine

Front 22

Vandenbergh effect

Back 22

the earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a phernome in the male's urine.

Front 23

Bruce Effect

Back 23

termination of pregnancy caused by the odor of a phernome in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female.

Front 24

Vomeronasal Organ

Back 24

A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals, especially when a liquid is actively sniffed. mediates the effect of some hormones.

Front 25

Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Back 25

A neural structure located in the main olfactory bulb that recieves information from the vomeronasal organ.

Front 26

Medial nucleus of the amygdala

Back 26

A nucleus that recieves olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb. Involved int he effects of odors and pheromones on reproductive behavior.

Front 27

Sexual Dimorphisms in Brain Structure

Back 27

SCN is larger is homosexual men.

Anterior hypothalamus is larger in heterosexual women and men.

anterior commisure larger in homosexual men and heterosexual women.

Front 28

MPA Medial Preoptic Area

Back 28

An area of cell bodies just rostral to the hypothalamus; plays an essential role in male sexual behavior.

Front 29

Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus

Back 29

A nucleus int he preoptic area that is much larger in males than females; plays a role in sexual behavior

Front 30

Periaqueductal gray matter PAG

Back 30

The region fo the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; plays an essential role in various species typical behaviors, including female sexual behavior.

Front 31

PGi Nucleus paragigantocellularis

Back 31

A nucleus of the medulla that recieves input from the medial preoptic area and contains neurons whose axons form synapses with motor neurons in the spinal cord that participate in sexual reflexes in males.

Front 32

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH)

Back 32

A large nucleus of the hypothalamus located near the walls of the third ventricle; plays an essential role in female behavior.