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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS
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"Command and Control"; processes sensory information and directs responses
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PNS
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Has sensory and motor divisions
Sensory=Afferent=input Motor=Efferent=output |
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Motor division of PNS has 2 sections
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Autonomic: "Automatic"; involuntary
Somatic: Control of skeletal muscle; voluntary |
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Autonomic has 2 divisions
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Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Sympathetic: Emergency response Parasympathetic: non-emergency response;maintenance |
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Neuroglia
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Non-conductive support cells
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Astrocytes
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*wrap around neurons and blood vessels
*control chemical environment around neurons *local control over growth and development of neurons |
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Microglia
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*protective cells that attach neurons
*can become macrophages +protect brain and spinal chord |
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Ependymal cells
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-ciliated cells
-move cerebral spinal fluid -barrier b/w fluid and nervous tissue |
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Oligodendrocytes
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form the myelin sheath (protective insulation for the neurons)
found in CNS |
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Schwann cells
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myelin producing cells of the PNS
also guide regeneration of axons in PNS |
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Satellite cells
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found around cell bodies of PNS ganglia
protect and nourish cell bodies of neurons |
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Neuron
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conductive nerve cell
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Cell body
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biosynthetic center
lots of ER (Nissl bodies) and ribosomes receptive found in CNS house the nucleus |
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Dendrites
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connected to cell bodies or axons
receptive branches branching increases surface area |
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Axon
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long conductive process
nerve fibers are bundles of axons Neurons have only one axon Axon terminals: branching towards the end: secretory |
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Schwann cells and Myelin
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Schwanns cells wrap around the neurons (PNS) producing the myelin sheath
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neurilemma
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outermost layer of the living remainder of the Schwann cell
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Nodes of Ranvier
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spaces between Schwann cells
important because they have a high density of NA+ channels |
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Saltatory conduction
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Nodes function like springboards for the impulse;speed conduction
jumping down the axon |
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Neurons have 3 structural classes
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1. Unipolar-1 branch on the cell body;sensory neurons, bring stimuli back to the CNS
dendrites-receptive region axon peripheral process(connects to nerve)-conductive axon central process (connects to brain)-conductive axon terminals -secretory 2. Bipolar neurons- 2 branches;very rare sensory neurons 3. Multipolar neurons-many branches usually either motor neurons (stimulate muscle or glands) or association neurons (interneurons)which are shorter connecting neurons |
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Voltage
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a charge difference between two points has potential energy
Since opposite charges attract charge difference can cause flow of charge called current. |
