The Nervous System And Mental Health

Front 1

cephal/o

Back 1

head

Front 2

cerebell/o

Back 2

little brain, cerebellum

Front 3

cerebr/o

Back 3

brain, cerebrum

Front 4

crani/o

Back 4

skull, cranium

Front 5

encephal/o

Back 5

brain

Front 6

gangli/o

Back 6

swelling, knot

Front 7

mening/i

Back 7

membrane

Front 8

mening/o

Back 8

membrane

Front 9

myel/o

Back 9

spinal cord, medulla, myelin

Front 10

neur/o

Back 10

nerve

Front 11

phren/o

Back 11

mind

Front 12

psych/o

Back 12

mind

Front 13

radic/o

Back 13

nerve root

Front 14

redicul/o

Back 14

nerve root

Front 15

vag/o

Back 15

vagus nerve

Front 16

ventricul/o

Back 16

little belly, ventricle

Front 17

a-

Back 17

without, absence of

Front 18

hyper-

Back 18

excessive, abnormally high, above

Front 19

hypo-

Back 19

deficient, abnormally low, below

Front 20

par-

Back 20

alongside, abnormal

Front 21

poly-

Back 21

excessive, over, many

Front 22

esthesi/o

Back 22

sensation

Front 23

phasi/o

Back 23

to speak

Front 24

-algesia

Back 24

pain

Front 25

-algia

Back 25

condition of pain

Front 26

-asthenia

Back 26

weakness

Front 27

-ia

Back 27

condition of

Front 28

the inability to speak

Back 28

aphasia

Front 29

a generalized pain in the region of the head

Back 29

headache

Front 30

the clinical term for a headache

Back 30

cephalalgia

Front 31

a series of involuntary muscular spasms

Back 31

convulsion

Front 32

a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons that trigger muscle contraction

Back 32

seizure

Front 33

an extreme sensitivity to painful stimuli

Back 33

hyperalgesia

Front 34

an extreme lack of sensitivity to normally painful stimuli

Back 34

hypoalgesia

Front 35

an abnormal increase in sensitivity to a stimulus

Back 35

hyperesthesia

Front 36

pain in a nerve

Back 36

neuralgia

Front 37

generalized body fatigue

Back 37

neurasthenia

Front 38

a disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk (but not joints)

Back 38

fibromyalgia

Front 39

the abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling

Back 39

paresthesia

Front 40

pain in a nerve

Back 40

neuralgia

Front 41

pain in many nerves

Back 41

polyneuralgia

Front 42

a temporary loss of consciousness

Back 42

syncope

Front 43

epi-

Back 43

upon, over, above, on top

Front 44

hemi-

Back 44

half

Front 45

intra-

Back 45

within

Front 46

mono-

Back 46

one

Front 47

para-

Back 47

alongside or abnormal

Front 48

quadri-

Back 48

four

Front 49

ather/o

Back 49

fatty

Front 50

aut/o

Back 50

self

Front 51

embol/o

Back 51

plug

Front 52

gli/o

Back 52

glue

Front 53

gnos/o

Back 53

knowledge

Front 54

hem/o

Back 54

blood

Front 55

hydr/o

Back 55

water

Front 56

later/o

Back 56

side

Front 57

my/o

Back 57

muscle

Front 58

narc/o

Back 58

numbness

Front 59

poli/o

Back 59

gray

Front 60

scler/o

Back 60

hard

Front 61

thromb/o

Back 61

clot

Front 62

vascul/o

Back 62

little vessel

Front 63

-al

Back 63

pertaining to

Front 64

-ar

Back 64

pertaining to

Front 65

-cele

Back 65

hernia, swelling, protrusion

Front 66

-ic

Back 66

pertaining to

Front 67

-ion

Back 67

process

Front 68

-ism

Back 68

condition or disease

Front 69

-itis

Back 69

inflammation

Front 70

-lepsy

Back 70

seizure

Front 71

-malacia

Back 71

softening

Front 72

-oma

Back 72

tumor

Front 73

-osis

Back 73

condition of

Front 74

-pathy

Back 74

disease

Front 75

-plegia

Back 75

paralysis

Front 76

-rrhage

Back 76

abnormal discharge

Front 77

-troph

Back 77

development

Front 78

-us

Back 78

pertaining to

Front 79

the inability to interpret sensory information

Back 79

agnosia

Front 80

a disease characterized by gradual deterioriation in brain function

Back 80

Alzheimer disease

Front 81

a disease characterized by progressive atrophy of muscle

Back 81

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 82

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 82

Lou Gehrig disease

Front 83

developmental disorder that varies in severity

Back 83

autism

Front 84

condition of muscular paralysis

Back 84

palsy

Front 85

condition characterized by paralysis of the face muscle on one side

Back 85

Bell palsy

Front 86

inflammation of the cerebellum

Back 86

cerebellitis

Front 87

an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall

Back 87

aneurysm

Front 88

a bulging wall of a blood vessel in the brain

Back 88

cerebral aneurysm

Front 89

accumulation of fatty plaques that cause arteries supplying the brain to gradually close

Back 89

cerebral atherosclerosis

Front 90

a moving blood clot in an artery of the brain

Back 90

cerebral embolism

Front 91

condition of a stationary blood clot in an artery of the brain

Back 91

cerebral thrombosis

Front 92

abnormal loss of blood from the circulation

Back 92

hemorrhage

Front 93

bleeding from cerebral blood vessels

Back 93

cerebral hemorrhage

Front 94

a condition that appears at birth or shortly afterward as a partial muscle paralysis

Back 94

cerebral palsy

Front 95

an acute event that is an irreversible death of brain cells caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain

Back 95

stroke

Front 96

stroke

Back 96

cerebrovascular accident

Front 97

abnormally decreased consciousness

Back 97

coma

Front 98

an injury to soft tissue that results from a blow or violent shaking

Back 98

concussion

Front 99

physical damage to the cerebrum that results in head pain, dizziness, and sometimes nausea

Back 99

cerebral concussion

Front 100

severe brain injury; often involves bleeding that can result in functional losses and death

Back 100

traumatic brain injury

Front 101

inflammation of the brain

Back 101

encephalitis

Front 102

an abnormal softening of brain tissue

Back 102

encephalomalacia

Front 103

a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, including convulsion and temporary loss of consciousness, that results from sudden, uncontrolled bursts of electrical activity in the brain

Back 103

epilepsy

Front 104

a tumor of neuroglial cells

Back 104

glioma

Front 105

a congenital disease characterized by an abnormally increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain

Back 105

hydrocephalus

Front 106

drains excess fluid in the brain

Back 106

CSF shunt

Front 107

a benign tumor of the meninges

Back 107

meningioma

Front 108

inflammation of the meninges

Back 108

meningitis

Front 109

a protrusion of the meninges

Back 109

meningocele

Front 110

a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

Back 110

meningomyelocele

Front 111

a congenital defect in which a child is born with a protrusion of the meninges, usually caused by a defect in the skull or spinal column

Back 111

spina bifida

Front 112

a disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain

Back 112

multiple sclerosis

Front 113

inflammation of the spinal cord

Back 113

myelitis

Front 114

a sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis, and hallucinations

Back 114

narcolepsy

Front 115

inflammation of a nerve

Back 115

neuritis

Front 116

inflammation of many nerves at once

Back 116

polyneuritis

Front 117

a tumor originating from neurons

Back 117

neuroma

Front 118

a disease affecting any part of the nervous system

Back 118

neuropathy

Front 119

a disease affecting many parts of the nervous system

Back 119

polyneuropathy

Front 120

a condition of paralysis of the lower body, including both legs

Back 120

paraplegia

Front 121

a condition of paralysis of a single limb

Back 121

monoplegia

Front 122

a condition of paralysis on one side of the body

Back 122

hemiplegia

Front 123

a condition of paralysis from the neck down including all four limbs

Back 123

quadriplegia

Front 124

a chronic, degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait

Back 124

Parkinson disease

Front 125

a disease characterized by inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Back 125

poliomyelitis

Front 126

an acute, often fatal, viral infection of the central nervous system that is spread from the saliva of an infected source

Back 126

rabies

Front 127

rabies

Back 127

hydrophobia

Front 128

inflammation of the ventricles of the brain

Back 128

ventriculitis

Front 129

an-

Back 129

without, absence of

Front 130

angi/o

Back 130

blood vessel

Front 131

dur/o

Back 131

hard

Front 132

ech/o

Back 132

sound

Front 133

electr/o

Back 133

electricity

Front 134

ganglion/o

Back 134

swelling, knot

Front 135

rhiz/o

Back 135

nerve root

Front 136

tom/o

Back 136

to cut

Front 137

-ectomy

Back 137

surgical excision, removal

Front 138

-gram

Back 138

record or image

Front 139

-graphy

Back 139

recording process

Front 140

-iatry

Back 140

treatment, specialty

Front 141

-ist

Back 141

one who specializes

Front 142

-logy

Back 142

study or science of

Front 143

-lysis

Back 143

loosen, dissolve

Front 144

-plasty

Back 144

surgical repair

Front 145

-rrhaphy

Back 145

suturing

Front 146

-tome

Back 146

cutting instrument

Front 147

-tomy

Back 147

incision, to cut

Front 148

a common form of pain management; includes aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen

Back 148

analgesics

Front 149

codeine and morphine

Back 149

opioid analgesics

Front 150

the primary type of pain management that is used during surgical procedures

Back 150

anesthesia

Front 151

a physician who specializes in anesthesia and the management of pain

Back 151

anesthesiologist

Front 152

a specialist trained in the administration of anesthetics

Back 152

anesthetist

Front 153

an injection made into a nerve to block the conduction of impulses between the nerve and the CNS

Back 153

nerve block anesthesia

Front 154

a diagnostic procedure that reveals blood flow to the brain by X-ray photography

Back 154

cerebral angiography

Front 155

a procedure that involves the use of a computer to interpret a series of images and constructs from them a three-dimensional view of the brain

Back 155

computed tomography

Front 156

the surgical removal of part of the cranium

Back 156

craniectomy

Front 157

a surgical incision through the cranium to provide access to the brain

Back 157

craniotomy

Front 158

surgical knife used to perform a craniotomy

Back 158

craniotome

Front 159

a procedure that uses ultrasound technology to record brain structures

Back 159

echoencephalography

Front 160

a general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders

Back 160

effectual drug therapy

Front 161

medication that reduces patient anxiety levels

Back 161

antianxiety

Front 162

medications that control symptoms occurring in diseases such as epilepsy

Back 162

anticonvulsants

Front 163

medications that are effective against fever

Back 163

antipyretics

Front 164

medications that combat depression

Back 164

antidepressants

Front 165

medications that reduce hallucinations and confusion

Back 165

antipsychotics

Front 166

medications that are often used to calm agitated and anxious patients

Back 166

tranquilizers

sedatives

Front 167

strong mediations that produce stupor or induce sleep

Back 167

narcotics

Front 168

a diagnostic procedure that records electrical impulses of the brain to measure brain activity

Back 168

electroencephalography

Front 169

the injection of a spinal block anesthetic into the epidural space

Back 169

epidural

Front 170

a group of diagnostic tests that measure changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brain function

Back 170

evoked potential studies

Front 171

the surgical removal of a ganglion

Back 171

ganglionectomy/gangliectomy

Front 172

the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Back 172

lumbar puncture

Front 173

spinal tap

Back 173

lumbar puncture

Front 174

a diagnostic procedure in which powerful magnets are used to observe soft tissues in the body

Back 174

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 175

X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye

Back 175

myelogram

Front 176

a procedure of taking an X-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye

Back 176

myelography

Front 177

the surgical removal of a nerve

Back 177

neurectomy

Front 178

the branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system

Back 178

neurology

Front 179

a physician who specializes in neurology

Back 179

neurologist

Front 180

physician who specializes in brain or spinal cord surgery

Back 180

neurosurgeon

Front 181

the procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions

Back 181

neurolysis

Front 182

the surgical repair of a nerve

Back 182

neuroplasty

Front 183

the suture of a nerve

Back 183

neurorrhaphy

Front 184

incision into a nerve

Back 184

neurotomy

Front 185

a noninvasive procedure that provides blood flow images using techniques combined with radioactive isotope labeling

Back 185

positron emission tomography

Front 186

the branch of medicine that addresses disorders of the brain resulting in mental, emotional, and behavioral disturbances

Back 186

psychiatry

Front 187

physician who specializes in mental illness

Back 187

psychiatrist

Front 188

drug therapy targeting the brain

Back 188

psychopharmacology

Front 189

psychiatric therapy

Back 189

psychoanalysis

Front 190

the study of human (or mind, mental) behavior

Back 190

psychology

Front 191

a subdiscipline of psychology that treats patients suffering from behavioral disorders and emotional trauma

Back 191

clinical psychology

Front 192

the technique used in treating behavioral and emotional issues

Back 192

psychotherapy

Front 193

a surgical incision into a nerve root

Back 193

radicotomy

Front 194

another name for radicotomy

Back 194

rhizotomy

Front 195

a series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body's response to touch stimuli

Back 195

reflex testing

Front 196

reflex tests that involve percussion

Back 196

deep tendon reflexes

Front 197

a procedure in which several branches of the vagus nerve are severed (with an incision) to reduce acid secretion in the stomach

Back 197

vagotomy

Front 198

bi-

Back 198

two

Front 199

dys-

Back 199

bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

Front 200

ment/o

Back 200

mind

Front 201

schiz/o

Back 201

to divide, split

Front 202

somat/o

Back 202

body

Front 203

-lexia

Back 203

pertaining to a word or phrase

Front 204

-mania

Back 204

madness, frenzy

Front 205

-pathy

Back 205

disease

Front 206

-phobia

Back 206

fear

Front 207

a mental disorder in which anxiety dominates a person's behavior

Back 207

anxiety disorder

Front 208

a neurological disorder characterized by short attention span and poor concentration

Back 208

attention deficit disorder

Front 209

a neurological disorder characterized by short attention span, poor concentration, and hyperactivity; usually associated with school-age children but can also affect adults and makes learning very difficult

Back 209

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Front 210

a mental disorder characterized by alternating periods of high energy and mental confusion with low energy and mental depression

Back 210

bipolar disease

Front 211

an impairment of mental function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion; it is usually associated with old age and sometimes accompanies Alzheimer disease

Back 211

dementia

Front 212

a reading handicap in which the brain reverses the order of some letters and numbers

Back 212

dyslexia

Front 213

an emotional disorder of abnormally high psychomotor activity

Back 213

mania

Front 214

a form of mania in which an individual believes oneself to be a person of great fame or wealth

Back 214

megalomania

Front 215

an emotional disorder that involves a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress

Back 215

neurosis

Front 216

a mental disorder including persistent delusions of persecution that results in mistrust and combativeness

Back 216

paranoia

Front 217

a mental experience of fear without substantive cause

Back 217

paranoia

Front 218

an irrational, obsessive fear

Back 218

phobia

Front 219

a disorder caused by a severe mental strain or emotional trauma that includes sleeplessness, anxiety, and paranoia

Back 219

posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 220

a general term for a mental or emotional disorder

Back 220

psychopathy

Front 221

a mental disease characterized by a gross distortion or disorganization of mental capacity

Back 221

psychosis

Front 222

the influence of the mind over bodily functions, especially disease

Back 222

psychosomatic

Front 223

a mental condition characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and extensive withdrawal

Back 223

schizophrenia

Front 224

AD

Back 224

Alzheimer disease

Front 225

ADD

Back 225

attention deficit disorder

Front 226

ADHD

Back 226

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Front 227

ALS

Back 227

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 228

CNS

Back 228

central nervous system

Front 229

CP

Back 229

cerebral palsy

Front 230

CSF

Back 230

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 231

CT (CAT) scan

Back 231

computed (axial) tomography scan

Front 232

CVA

Back 232

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Front 233

DTR

Back 233

deep tendon reflexes

Front 234

EchoEG

Back 234

echoencephalography

Front 235

EEG

Back 235

electroencephalography

Front 236

EP

Back 236

evoked potential

Front 237

LP

Back 237

lumbar puncture

Front 238

MRI

Back 238

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 239

MS

Back 239

multiple sclerosis

Front 240

PD

Back 240

Parkinson disease

Front 241

PET

Back 241

positron emission tomography

Front 242

PNS

Back 242

peripheral nervous system

Front 243

PTSD

Back 243

posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 244

TBI

Back 244

traumatic brain injury