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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 main structures of the nervous system?
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1. Central nervous system (CNS)
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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What structures make up the central nervous system?
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1. Brain
2. Spinal cord |
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What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
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-Cranial and spinal nerves
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What are the areas of the brain?
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1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum 3. Midbrain 4. Brain stem |
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What are the meninges?
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-The 3 membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord.
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What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
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1. Dura mater (outer layer)
2. Arachnoid (middle layer) 3. Pia mater (closest to brain) PAD |
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What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
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1. Sensory
2. Motor |
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What are the 2 divisions of the motor system?
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1. Somatic (voluntary)
2. Autonomic (involuntary) |
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What functions are the somatic system responsible for?
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-Motor skills
-Skeletal muscle regulation -ie walking and lifting |
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What functions are the autonomic system responsible for?
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-Regulates involuntary functions
-ie heartbeat, breathing |
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What are the two divisions of the autonomic system?
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1. Sympathetic (activating, fight or flight)
2. Parasympathetic (calming, relaxation) |
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How does a stroke occur?
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-From impaired blood flow due to vessel occlusion (ischemic) or hemorrhaging (hemorrhagic)
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How common are stroke?
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-Third most common cause of death.
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What are the risk factors for stroke?
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-Smoking
-Hypertension -Diabetes -Gender -Race |
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What is Parkinson's Disease?
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-Disruption of motor control due to loss of cells that produce the chemical dopamine.
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What causes Parkinson's Disease?
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-Loss of dopamine producing cells in the brain.
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What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?
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-Involuntary shaking
-Rigidness -Slow movements |
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What are treatments for Parkinson's?
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-Dopamine replacement or dopamine reuptake inhibitors
-Surgery to create lesions -Deep brain stimulation |
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What are the symptoms of dementia?
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-Loss of memory
-Loss of understanding -Poor judgement -Altered mood and personality -Mental confusion -Difficulty recognizing friends and relatives |
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What are treatments for dementia?
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-Medications
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What is multiple sclerosis?
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-Degenerative and progressive disease in which autoimmune system attacks itself.
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What parts of the body does multiple sclerosis affect?
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-Central nervous system; white matter of brain and spinal cord.
-Causes demyelination of nerves -Causes hardening of tissues |
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What are symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
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-Periods of remission
-Muscular weakness -Numbness in face and extremities -Loss of short term memory |
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What are the treatments for multiple sclerosis?
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-Steroids to slow or arrest disease process
-Treatment to manage symptoms -No cure |
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What is epilepsy?
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-Seizures caused by uncontrolled electrical discharge in part of the brain.
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What are the causes of epilepsy?
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-Genetic
-Trauma to brain -Post-infection scarring |
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What is most common treatment of epilepsy?
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-Medication
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What is meningitis?
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-Infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges).
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What are the causes of meningitis?
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-Bacteria
-Virus -Infection |
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What are the symptoms of meningitis?
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-Fever
-Neck stiffness -Confusion -blue spots (tiny bleed spots) |
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What is facial palsy?
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-The paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve
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