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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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purpose of glial cells
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structural support of neurons aka neurolgia. like glue hold it together
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purpose of astrocytes
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blood brain barrier, block unwanted stuff, seals of damaged tissue
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purpose of microglia
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WBC, specialized macrophages, attack bacteria, clean up debris
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purpose of ependymal cells
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produce cerebral spinal fluid
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purpose of satellite cells
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surround cell bodies in ganglia, provide protection and support
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purpose of schwann cells
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PNs myelination
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3 characteristics of neurons
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axon, dendrites and cell body
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what is a nissl body
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clumps of ribosomes and rough ER for transmitter production
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what are neurofibrils
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bundles of neurofilaments
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function of a dendrite
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bring impulse to nerve cell body
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function of axon
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conduct nerve impulses
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what is a telodendria
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main axon trunk
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what can be found at the end of the telodendria
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synaptic terminals
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anterograde
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movement forward
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retrograde movement in an axon
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transport of material from the telodendria to the cell body of the neuron
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special name for the axon plasma membrane
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axolemma
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purpose of myelin sheath
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purpose is to speed up and for effective transmission of impulses along nerve cells.
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which nerve fiber type is always unmyelinated
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dendrites
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gaps between schwann cells called
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nodes
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saltatory conduction
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when nerve signals hop from one node to the next
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white matter vs. gray matter
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white matter- mostly myelinated axons
Gray-contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, terminals and nuerolgia. |
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multipolar neuron
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several dendrites and one axon, usually in spinal cord and brain
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bi polar neuron
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one main dendrite and one axon in retina of eye, inner ear and olfactory area of the brain
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what type of neurons are afferent
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sensory
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what type of neuron are efferent
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motor
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function of interneurons
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link sensory and motor neurons to one another
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what is irritable neuron
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will react to stimulus
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electrical potential
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difference in electrical charge across nerve cell membrane caused by chemical differences in and out of the cell
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electric current
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flow of charge
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ligand-gated channel
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chemical- could be a neurotransmitter binds and opens the gate
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voltage gated channel
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needs a change in membrane potential
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electrochemical gradient
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sum of all chemical and electrical activity across the membrane
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depolarization
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negative membrane potential becomes less than negative reaches zero then becomes positive
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action potential
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sequence of rapid occuring events that take place in two phases. depolarization and repolarization
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repolarization
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the membrane potential is restored to the resting state of - 70 mv.
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hyperpolarization
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change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more polarized
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graded potential
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small changes in membrane potential that do not trigger the sending of a nerve impulse
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how is action potential transmitted
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depolarization to threshold, sodium channel activate,(rapid depolar) inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels return to normal permeability
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what is MS
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a disease that occurs when the myelin sheath don;t insulate the cells and they
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synaptic delay
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from the time the end bulb depolarizes until the receptor membrane reacts
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temporal summation
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one synapse may stimuli and 1 action potential
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spatial summation
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many synapses and one action potential
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