The Nervous System

Front 1

the cns consists of

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

the pns consists of

Back 2

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Front 3

the ans is part of which divsion

Back 3

pns

Front 4

nerve cell

Back 4

neuron

Front 5

3 major parts of a nueron

Back 5

cell body, dendrites and axons

Front 6

carries impluses away from the cell body

Back 6

axon

Front 7

contain the nuclues of the nueron

Back 7

cell body

Front 8

carries impulses toward the body

Back 8

dendrites

Front 9

the space between the axon of one nueron and the cell body of the next nueron is called

Back 9

synapse

Front 10

in the pns the myelin sheath is made by cells called

Back 10

schann cells

Front 11

in the cns the myelin sheath is made by cells called

Back 11

oligodendrecites

Front 12

function of the myelin sheath

Back 12

provides electrical insulation

Front 13

in the pns the neuroleemma is formed by which parts of the schwann cells

Back 13

nucleui and cytoplasm

Front 14

the neurolemma permits________ regeneration of damaged axons or dendrites in the pns

Back 14

regeneration

Front 15

at synapses the nerve impulse is carried by a ____________ that is released by the synaptic knobs of the ____________ of a neuron

Back 15

neurotransmitter, axon

Front 16

the postsynaptic nueron contains an ______________ to prevent continous impulses by inactivating the neurotransmitter

Back 16

inactivator chemical

Front 17

name the inactivator for the nuerotransmitter acetylcholine

Back 17

cholinesterase

Front 18

neurons found entirley within the cns

Back 18

internueron

Front 19

carry impulses from receptors to the cns
also called efferent neurons

Back 19

sensory neurons

Front 20

carry impuslses from the cns to effectors
also called efferent neurons

Back 20

motor nueron

Front 21

made of both sensory and motor neurons

Back 21

mixed nerve

Front 22

a group of functionally related neurons within the cns

Back 22

nerve tract

Front 23

when a nerve is not carrying an impulse, its cell membrane has a _______ charge outside and ______ charge inside

Back 23

positive, negative

Front 24

the ions more abundant outside the cell

Back 24

sodium

Front 25

ions more abundant inside the cell

Back 25

potassium

Front 26

name for distribution of ions

Back 26

polarization

Front 27

depolarization is brought about by a stimulus, which makes the neuron membrane ver permeable to _________ ions which rush _________ the cell

Back 27

potassium into

Front 28

2 functions of the spinal cord

Back 28

transmit impulses to and from brain
center for spinal cord reflexes

Front 29

spinal cord is protected from mechanical injury by the

Back 29

vertebrae

Front 30

in length the spinal cord extends from the _____________ of the skull to the disc between the ________ vertebrae

Back 30

foramen magnum 1st and 2nd lumbar

Front 31

cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons are located in the

Back 31

gray matter

Front 32

the cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

Back 32

dorsal root ganglion

Front 33

dorsal root may also be called

Back 33

sensory root

Front 34

dorsal root is made of

Back 34

sensory neurons

Front 35

ventral root may also be called

Back 35

motor root

Front 36

ventral root is made of

Back 36

motor nuerons

Front 37

the ascending and decending tracts of the spinal cord are located in the

Back 37

white matter

Front 38

ascending tracts may be called _________ tracts because they carry impulses to the brain

Back 38

sensory

Front 39

descending tracts may be called ____________ because they carry impulses away from the brain

Back 39

motor

Front 40

cererospinal fluid is found within the

Back 40

central canal

Front 41

there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves state the # of each pair
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Back 41

8,12,5,5,1

Front 42

group of spinal nerve
trunk of body

Back 42

thoracic

Front 43

group of spinal nerves
hips, legs, and pelvic cavity

Back 43

sacral and lumbar

Front 44

group of spinal nerves
neck, shoulders, and arms

Back 44

cervical

Front 45

group of spinal nerves
diaphram

Back 45

cervical

Front 46

involuntary response to a stimulus

Back 46

reflex

Front 47

the patellar reflex is an example of a stretch reflex, which means that the stimulus is _____________ and the response is ____________

Back 47

stretched, to contract

Front 48

every day importance of stretch reflexes

Back 48

keeps body upright

Front 49

everyday importance of flexor relexes

Back 49

protects body from harm

Front 50

four cavities within the brain
contain choroid plexuses that form cerebrospinal fluid

Back 50

ventricles

Front 51

regulates heart rate and respiration
regulates coughing and swallowing
regulates blood pressure

Back 51

medulla

Front 52

is anterior to the medulla and helps regulate respriation

Back 52

pons

Front 53

regulates visual and auditory reflexes
encloses the cerebral aqueduct and helps maintain equilibrium

Back 53

midbrain

Front 54

coordinates voluntary movements
regulates muscle tone and equilibrium

Back 54

cerebellum

Front 55

produces ADH and oxytocin,
regulates body temp and eating,
intergrates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system,
regulates the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland,
is the biological clock for the bodys daily rhythms

Back 55

hypothalamus

Front 56

intergrates sensations before relaying them to the cerebral cortex
suppresses unimportant sensations

Back 56

thalamus

Front 57

regulates accessory movements

Back 57

basal ganglia

Front 58

connects the cerebral hemispheres

Back 58

corpus callosum

Front 59

responsible for thinking and memory

Back 59

cerebrum

Front 60

motor area that initiate voluntary movement
motro speech area (left lobe only)

Back 60

frontal lobe

Front 61

general sensory areas for cutaneous sensations
taste areas, which overlap the temporal lobes

Back 61

parietal lobes

Front 62

auditory area, olfactory area

Back 62

temporal lobes

Front 63

visual area

Back 63

occipital lobe

Front 64

gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is called

Back 64

cerebral cortex

Front 65

cerebral cortex is made of___________ of nuerons

Back 65

cell bodies

Front 66

the 2 ventricles within the cerebral hemispheres are called _________ ventricles

Back 66

lateral

Front 67

the ventrical between the cerebellum and the medulla pons is called the _____ ventricle

Back 67

fourth

Front 68

the ventricle within the hypothalamus and thalamus is called the _________ ventricle

Back 68

third

Front 69

the tunnel through the midbrain called the __________ connects the third to the fourth ventricle

Back 69

cerebral aqueduct

Front 70

the meninges consist of how many layers of connective tissue

Back 70

3

Front 71

the outermost of the meninges is called the

Back 71

duramater

Front 72

the dura mater lines the

Back 72

skull and vertebrae canal

Front 73

the middle layer of the meninges is called

Back 73

arachnoid membrane

Front 74

the innermost layer of the menenges which is on the surface of the spinal cord and brain

Back 74

pia mater

Front 75

cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood plama by capillary networks called __________ are found with the ________ of the brain

Back 75

choroid plexes, ventricles

Front 76

cerbrospinal fluid found within the brain are

Back 76

ventricles

Front 77

cerebrospinal fluid found around the brain

Back 77

subarachoid space

Front 78

cerebrospinal fluid found within the spinal cord

Back 78

central canal

Front 79

cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord

Back 79

subarhcanoid space

Front 80

cranial nerve
vision

Back 80

optic

Front 81

cranial nerve
hearing

Back 81

acoustic

Front 82

cranial nerve
taste

Back 82

facial and glossapharngeal

Front 83

cranial nerve
smell

Back 83

olfactory

Front 84

cranial nerve
equilibrium

Back 84

acoustic

Front 85

cranial nerve
secretion of saliva

Back 85

facial adn glossopharneal

Front 86

cranial nerve
movement of eyeball

Back 86

ocularmotor, troclear, and adducens

Front 87

cranial nerve
peristalis of intestine

Back 87

vagus

Front 88

cranial nerve
decreasing the geart rate

Back 88

vagus

Front 89

cranial nerve
speaking (larynx)

Back 89

vagus and accessory

Front 90

cranial nerve
movement of the tongue

Back 90

hypoglossal

Front 91

cranial nerve
contraction of the shoulder muslce

Back 91

accessory

Front 92

cranial nerve
constriction of pupil of eye

Back 92

ocularmotor

Front 93

cranial nerve
sensory in cardiac and respiratory reflexes

Back 93

glossopharneal and vagus

Front 94

cranial nerve
sensation int he face and teeth

Back 94

trigeminal

Front 95

cranial nerve
contraction of muscles of the face

Back 95

facial

Front 96

cranial nerve
contraction of chewing muscles

Back 96

trigeminal

Front 97

the ans consists of motor neuron to viseral effector which are______ muslce, _________muscle and ______

Back 97

smooth, cardiac, and glands

Front 98

the part of the brain that integrates the functioning of the ans is the

Back 98

hypothalamus

Front 99

two divisions of the ans are

Back 99

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 100

sympathetic divison dominates _________ situations

Back 100

stressful

Front 101

parasympathtic divison domiantes in __________ situations

Back 101

non stressful

Front 102

2 principal types of cells

Back 102

nuerons and neuroglia

Front 103

afferent nerves transmit stimuli to the brain and spinal cord

Back 103

sensory neuron

Front 104

efferent nerves transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

Back 104

motor nueron

Front 105

branching cytoplamic projections that recieve impulses and transmit them to the cell body

Back 105

dendrites

Front 106

structure containing nucleus

Back 106

cell body

Front 107

longest single projection that transmits the impulse from the cell body

Back 107

axon

Front 108

consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Back 108

cns

Front 109

consisting of all other neural elements of the body

Back 109

pns

Front 110

motor impulses travel primarily to muscles causing them to __________ and causing glands to ______

Back 110

contract and secrete

Front 111

primarilty enterates with neves

Back 111

somatic nervous system

Front 112

sends impulses to glands

Back 112

autonomic nervous system

Front 113

encephal/o

Back 113

brain

Front 114

gli/o

Back 114

glue, neurolgia

Front 115

kinesi/o

Back 115

movement

Front 116

mening/o

Back 116

meninges

Front 117

neur/o

Back 117

nerve, nervous system

Front 118

-algesia

Back 118

pain

Front 119

-esthesia

Back 119

feeling, sensation

Front 120

a group of axons and dendrites of many nuerons

Back 120

nerve

Front 121

group of nuerons within the cns

Back 121

nerve tract

Front 122

phrenic spinal nerves c3-c5

Back 122

diaphragm

Front 123

spinal nerve
skin and muscles of posterior arm, forearm, and hand, thumb and first 2 fingers

Back 123

radial

Front 124

spinal nerve
intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, skin of trunk

Back 124

intercostal

Front 125

spinal nerve
skin and muscles of posterior thigh, leg, and foot

Back 125

sciatic

Front 126

those that do not depend directly on the brain

Back 126

spinal cord reflexes

Front 127

pathway nerve impulses travel when a feflex is elicited

Back 127

reflex arc

Front 128

consists of many parts that function as an integrated whole

Back 128

brain

Front 129

major parts of the brain are the medualla, pons, midbrain collectivley called

Back 129

brain stem

Front 130

the folds in the erebral cortex are called

Back 130

convolutions

Front 131

the grooves in the cerebral cortex are called

Back 131

fissures

Front 132

from the cranial subarachnoid space, cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed through

Back 132

arachnoid villi

Front 133

large veins within the double layered cranial dura mater

Back 133

cranial venous sinuses

Front 134

transmitter released by all preganglionic neuronsm, both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 134

acetylcholine

Front 135

most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release the transmitter ________ at the synapses with the effector cells

Back 135

norepinephrine