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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACETYLCHOLINE
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A CHEMICAL TRANSMITTER SUBSTANCE RELEASED BY CERTAIN NERVE ENDINGS
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ACID
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A SUBSTANCE THAT LIBERATES HYDROGEN IONS WHEN IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; COMPARE WITH BASE
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ADRENERGIC
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A SYNAPTIC TERMINAL THAT, WHEN STIMULATED, RELEASES NOREPINEPHRINE
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AFFERENT FIBER
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AN AXON THAT CARIES SENSORY INFORMATION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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AFFERENT NEURONS
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NERVE CELLS THAT CARRY THE IMPULSES TOWARD THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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AFFERENT
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CARRYING TOWARD THE CENTER
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ANALGESIC
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A SUBSTANCE THAT RELIEVES PAIN
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ANTERIOR
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THE FRONT OF AN ORGANISM, ORGAN, OR PART; THE VENTRAL SURFACE
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ARACHNOID
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WEBLIKE, SPECIFICALLY, THE WEBLIKE MIDDLE LAYER OF THE THREE MENINGES
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ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
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ANY OF A NUMBER OF PROLIFERATIVE AND DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE ARTERIES LEADING TO THEIR DECREASED ELASTICITY
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ASCENDING TRACT
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A TRACT CARRYING INFORMATION FROM THE SPINAL CORD TO THE BRAIN
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ASSOCIATION NEURON
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COMPLETE THE PATHWAY BETWEEN AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NEURONS, ALSO CALLED ASSOCIATION NEURONS
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ASTROCYTE
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ONE OF FOUR TYPES OF NEUROGLIA IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER BY THE STIMULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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THE DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT FUNCTIONS INVOLUNTARILY; INNERVATES CARDIAC MUSCLE, SMOOTH MUSCLE, AND GLANDS
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AUTONOMIC
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SELF DIRECTED; SELF-REGULATING; INDEPENDENT
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AXON HILLOCK
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IN A MULTIPOLAR NEURON, THE PORTION OF THE CELL BODY ADJACENT TO THE INITIAL SEGMENT
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AXON
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NEURON PROCESS THAT CARRIES IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE NERVE CELL BODY, EFFERENT PROCESS, THE CONDUCTING PORTION OF VERVE CELL
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BASAL NUCLEI
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GRAY MATTER AREAS DEEP WITHIN THE WHITE MATTER OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISHERES; ALSO CALLED BASAL GANGLIA
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BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
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A MECHANISM THAT INHIBITS PASSAGE OF MATERIALS FROM THE BLOOD INTO BRAIN TISSUES.
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BRAIN STEM
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THE PORTION OF THE BRAIN CONSISTING OF THE MEDULLA, PONS, AND MIDBRAIN
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BROCA'S AREA
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THE SPEACH CENTER OF THE BRAIN, NORMALLY LOCATED ON THE NEURAL CORTEX OF THE LEFT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
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CAUDA EQUINA
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SPINAL NERVE ROOTS DISTEL TO THE TIP OF THE ADULT SPINAL CORD; THEY EXTEND CAUDALLY INSIDE THE VERTEBRAL CANAL EN ROUTE TO LUMBAR AND SACRAL SEGMENTS
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CELL BODY
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BODY, THE BODY OF THE NEURON; ALSO CALLED SOMA
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD
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CEREBELLUM
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PART OF THE HINDBRAIN; INVOLVED IN PRODUCING SMOOTHLY COORDINATED SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY
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CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT
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THE SLENDER CAVITY OF THE MIDBRAIN THAT CONNECTS THE THRID AND FOURTH VENTRICLES; ALSO CALLED THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS
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CEREBRAL CORTEX
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AN EXTENSIVE AREA OF NEURAL CORTEX COVERING THE SURFACES OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
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CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
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A PAIR OF EXPANDED PORTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM COVERED IN NEURAL CORTEX
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)
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FLUID BATHING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ; SECRETED BY THE CHOROID PLEXUX
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CEREBRUM
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THE LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN; CONSISTS OF RIGHT AND LEFT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
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CHOLINE
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A BREAKDOWN PRODUCT OR PRECURSOR OF ACETYLCHOLINE
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CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM
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A SYNAPSE WHERE THE PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE RELEASES ACETYLCHOLINE ON STIMULATION
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CHOROID PLEXUS
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THE VASCULAR COMPLEX IN THE ROOF OF THE THRID AND FOURTH VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
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COLLATERAL GANGLION
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A SYMPATHERTIC GANGLION SITUATED ANTERIOR TO THE SPINAL COLUMN AND SEPARATE FROM THE SYMPATHETIC CHAIN
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CONDUCTIVITY
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ABILITY TO TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE
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CONVERGENCE
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TURNING TOWARD A COMMON POINT FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS
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CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA
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THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR COLLICULI OF THE MESENCEPHALIC TECTUM (ROOF) IN THE BRAIN
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CORPUS CALLOSUM
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THE BUNDLE OF AXONS THAT LINKS CENTERS IN THE LEFT AND RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
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CORPUS/CORPORA
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BODY
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CORTEX
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THE OUTER SURFACE LAYER OF AN ORGAN
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CORTICOBULBAR TRACTS
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DESCENDING TRACTS THAT CARRY INFORMATION FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX TO NUCLEI AND CENTERS IN THE BRAIN STEM
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CRANIAL NERVES
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THE 12 PAIRS OF NERVES THAT ARISE FROM THE BRAIN
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CRANIAL
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PERTAINING THE THE SKULL
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DECUSSATE
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TO CROSS OVER TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE, USUALLY REFERRING TO THE CROSSOVER OF THE DESCENDING TRACTS OF THE CORTICOSPINAL PATHWAY ON THE VENTRAL SURFACE OF THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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DENDRITES
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THE BRANCHING EXTENSIONS OF NEURONS THAT CARRY ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO THE CELL BODY; THE RECEPTIVE PORTION OF A NERVE CELL
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DEPOLARIZATION
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THE LOSS OF A STATE OF POLARITY; THE LOSS OF A NEGATIVE CHARGE INSIDE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
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DIENCEPHALON
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THE PART OF THE FOREBRAIN BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND THE MIDBRAIN INCLUDING THE THALAMUS, THE THIRD VENTRICLE, AND THE HYPOTHALAMUS
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DIVERGENCE
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IN NEURAL TISSUE, THE SPREAD OF INFORMATION FROM ONE NEURON TO MANY NEURONS; AN ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN COMMON ALONG SENSORY PATHWAYS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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DOPAMINE
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AN IMPORTANT NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
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A PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GANGLION CONTAINING THE CEL BODIES OF SENSORY NEURONS
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DORSAL
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PERTAINING TO THE BACK POSTERIOR
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DURA MATTER
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THE OUTERMOST AND TOUGHEST OF THE THREE MEMBRANES (MENINGES) COVERING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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EFFERENT NEURONS
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NEURONS THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES AWAY FROM TE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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EFFERENT
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CARRYING AWAY OR AWAY FROM
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
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A GRAPHIC RECORD OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE BRAIN
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ENDONEURIUM
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A DELICATE NETWORK OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS THAT SURROUNDS INDIVIDUAL NERVE FIBERS
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ENDORPHINS
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NEUROMODULATORS, PRODUCED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THAT INHIBIT ACTIVITY ALONG PAIN PATHWAYS
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ENKEPHALINS
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NEUROMODULATORS, PRODUCED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT INHIBIT ACTIVITY ALONG PAIN PATHWAYS
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EPENDYMA
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THE LAYER OF CELLS LINING THE VENTRICLES AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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EPINEURIUM
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A DENSE LAYER OF COLLAGEN FIBERS THAT SURROUNDS A PERIPHERAL NERVE
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EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (EPSP)
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THE DEPOLARIZATION OF A POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE BY A CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASED BY THE PRESYNAPTIC CELL
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FACILITATED
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BROUGHT CLOSER TO THRESHOLD, AS IN THE DEPOLARIZATION OF A NERVE CELL MEMBRANE TOWARD THRESHOLD; MAKING THE CELL MORE SENSITIVE TO DEPOLARIZING STIMULI
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FALX
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SICKLE-SHAPED
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FASCICULUS
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SMALL BUNDLE; USUALLY REFERS TO A COLLECTION OF NERVE AXONS OR MUSCLE FIBERS
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FISSURE
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1 A GROOVE OR CLEFT 2 THE DEEPEST DEPRESSIONS OR INWARD FOLDS OF THE BRAIN
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FOSSA
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A DEPRESSION; OFTEN AN ARTICULAR SURFACE
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GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
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A NEUROTRANSMITTER OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM WHOSE EFFECTS ARE GENERALLY INHIBITORY
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GANGLION/GANGLIA
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A COLLECTION OF NEURON CELL BODIES OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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GRADED POTENTIAL
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A LOCAL CHANGE IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL THAT VARIES DIRECTLY WITH THE STRENGTH OF THE STIMULUS, DECLINES WITH DIRECTIONS
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GRAY MATTER
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THE GRAY AREA OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ; CONTAINS UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBERS AND NERVE CELL BODIES
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GYRUS
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AN OUTERMOST FOLD OF THE SURFACE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
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HYPOTHALAMUS
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THE FLOOR OF THE DIENCEPHALON; REGION OF THE BRAIN CONTAINING CENTERS INVOLVED WITH THE SUBCONSCIOUS REGULATION OF VISCERAL FUNCTIONS, EMOTIONS, DRIVES, AND THE COORDINATION OF NEURAL AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
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INFUNDIBULUM
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A TAPERING, FUNNEL-SHAPED STRUCTURE; IN THE BRAIN, THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE PITUITARY GLAND AND THE HYPOTHALAMUS; IN THE UTERINE UBE, THE ENTRANCE BOUNDED BY FIMBRIAE THAT RECEIVES THE OOCYTES AT OVULATION
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INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (IPSP)
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A HYPERPOLARIZATION OF THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF A NEUROTRANSMITTER
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INITIAL SEGMENT
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THE PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE AXON WHERE AN ACTION POTENTIAL FIRT APPEARS
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INTERNEURONS
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COMPLETE THE PATHWAY BETWEEN AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NEURONS; ALSO CALLED ASSOCIATION NEURONS
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INTERSEGMENTAL REFLEX
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A REFLEX THAT INVOLVES SEVERAL SEGMENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD
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LATERAL VENTRICLE
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A FLUID FILLED CHAMBER WITHIN A CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
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LIMBIC SYSTEM
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THE GROUP OF NUCLEI AND CENTERS IN THE CEREBRUM AND DIENCEPHALON THAT ARE INVOLVED WITH EMOTIONAL STATES, MEMORIES, AND BEHAVIORAL DRIVES
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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THE MOST CAUDAL OF THE BRAIN REGIONS, ALSO CALLED THE MYELENCEPHALON
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MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
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THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, MEASURED ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE AND EXPRESSED IN MILLIVOLTS, THAT RESULTS FROM THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IONS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE
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MENINGES
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THREE MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND THE SURFACES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; THE DURA MATER, THE PIA MATTER, AND THE ARACHNOID MATTER
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MENINGITIS
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INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES OF THE BRAIN OF SPINAL CORD
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MESENCEPHALON
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THE MIDBRAIN; THE REGION BETWEEN THE DIENCEPHALON AND PONS
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METENCEPHALON
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THE PONS AND THE CEREBELLUM OF THE BRAIN
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MICROGLIA
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PHAGOCYTIC NEUROGLIA IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS STSTEM
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MIDBRAIN
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THE MESENCEPHALON
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MIXED NERVE
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A PERIPHERAL NERVE THAT CONTAINS SENSORY AND MOTOR FIBERS
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MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX
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A REFLEX IN WHICH THE SENSORY AFFERENT NEURON SYNAPSES DIRECTLY ON THE MOTOR EFFERENT NEURON
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MOTOR NERVOUS SYSTEM
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CARRIES IMPULSES FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EFFECTOR ORGANS MUSCLES AND GLANDS
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MULTIPOLAR NEURON
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A NEURON WITH MANY DENDRITES AND A SINGLE AXON, THE TYPICAL FORM OF A MOTOR NEURON
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MYELIN
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A WHITE, FATTY LIPID SUBSTANCE
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MYELINATION
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A FORMATION OF MYELIN
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NERVE
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BUNDLE OF NEURONAL PROCESSES (AXONS) OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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NERVE IMPULSE
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A SELF-PROPAGATING WAVE OF DEPOLARIZATION; AKSO CALLED ACTION POTENTIAL
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NEURAL CORTEX
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AN AREA OF GRAY MATTER AT THE SURFACE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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NEURILEMMA
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THE OUTERMOST SURFACE OF A NEUROGLIA THAT ENCIRCLES AN AXON
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NEUROFIBRILS
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MICROFIBRILS ON THE CYTOPLASM OF A NEURON
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NEUROGLIA
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CELLS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT SUPPORT AND PROTECT NEURONS, ALSO CALLED GLIAL CELLS
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NEUROMODULATOR
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A COMPOUND, RELEASED BY A NEURON, THAT ADJUSTS THE SENSITIVITIES OF ANOTHER NEURON TO SPECIFIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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NEURON OR NEURONE
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A CELL IN THE NEURAL TISSUE THAT IS SPECIALIZED FOR INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION THROUGH CHANGES IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS
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NEUROTRANSMITTER
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CHEMICAL RELEASED BY NEURONS THAT MAY, UPON BINDING TO RECEPTORS OF NEURONS OF EFFECTOR CELLS, STIMULATE OR INHIBIT THEM
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NOREPINEPHRINE NE
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A CATECHOLAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE PERIPHERAL NEROUS SYSTEM AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, RELEASED AT MOST SYMPATHETIC NEUROMUSCULAR AND NEUROGLANDULAR JUNCTIONS, AND A HORMONE SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, NORADRENALINE
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OLIGODENDROCYTES
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEUROGLIA THAT MAINTAIN CELLULAR ORGANIZATION WITHIN GRAY MATTER AND PROVIDE A MYELIN SHEATH IN AREAS OF WHITE MATTER
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PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
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A DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; ALSO REFERRED TO AS THE CRANIOSACRAL DIVISION
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PEDUNCLE
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A STALK OF FIBERS, ESPECIALLY THAT CONNECTING THE CEREBELLUM TO THE PONS, MIDBRAIN, AND MEDILLA OBLONGATA
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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A SYSTEM OF NERVES THAT CONNECTS THE OUTLYING PARTS OF THE BODY WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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PIA MATTER
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THE TOUGH OUTER MENINGEAL SURROUNDS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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PITUITARY GLAND
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THE NEUROENDOCRINE GLAND LOCATED BENEATH THE BRAIN THAT SERVES A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS INCLUDING REGULATION OF THE GONADS, THYROID, ADRENAL CORTEX, WATER BALANCE, AND LACTATION
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PLEXUS
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A NEWORK OF INTERLACING NERVES, BLOOD VESSES, OR LYMPHATICS
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POLARIZED
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THE STATES OF AN UNSTIMULATED NEURON OR MUSCLE CELL IN WHICH THE INSIDE OF THE CELL IS RELATIVELY NEGATIVE IN COMPARISON TO THE OUTSIDE; THE RESTING STATE
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POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEX
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A REFLEX IN WHICH INTERNEURONS ARE INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE SENSORY FIBER AND THE MOTOR NEURON
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PONS
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THE PORTION OF THE METENCEPHALON THAT IS ANTERIOR TO THE CEREBELLUM
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POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
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THE SEPARATION OF OPPOSITE CHARGES; REQUIRES A BARRIER THAT PREVENTS ION MIGRATION
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PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
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THE SYNAPTIC SURFACE WHERE NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE OCCURS
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PORPRIOCEPTOR
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A RECEPTOR LOCATED IN A MUSCLE OR TENDON; CONCERNED WITH LOCOMOTION, POSTURE, AND MUSCLE TONE
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PYRAMID
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ANY CONE-SHAPED STRUCTURE OF AN ORGAN
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REFLEX ARC
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NEURAL PATHWAY FOR REFLEXES
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REFLEX
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AUTOMATIC REACTION TO A STIMULUS
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REPOLARIZATION
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RESTORATION OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL TO THE INITIAL RESTING (POLARIZED) STATE
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RESTING POTENTIAL
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THE TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL OF A NORMAL CELL NUDER HOMEOSTATIC CONDITIONS
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RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
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THE MESENCEPHALIC PORTION OF THE RETICULAR FORMATION; RESPONSIBLE FOR AROUSAL AND THE MAINTENANCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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RETICULAR FORMATION
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A DIFFUSE NETWORK OF GRAY MATTER THAT EXTENDS THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF THE BRAIN STEM
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RETICULOSPINAL TRACTS
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DESCENDING TRACTS OF THE MEDICAL PATHWAY THAT CARRY INVOLUNTARY MOROT COMMANDS ISSUED BY NEURONS OF THE RETICULAR FORMATION
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REVERBERATION
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A POSITIVE FEEDBACK ALONG A CHAIN OF NEURONS SUCH THAT THEY REMAIN ACTIVE ONCE STIMULATED
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SIGITTAL SECTION
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A LONGITUDINAL VERTICAL PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE DODY OR ANY OF ITS PARTS INTO RIGHT AND LEFT PORTIONS
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SCHWANN CELLS
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NEUROGLIA RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NEURILEMMA THAT SURROUNDS AXONS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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SEROTONIN
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A NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; A COMPOUND THAT ENHANCES INFLAMMATION AND IS RELEASED BY ACTIVATED MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS
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SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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A DIVISION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ALSO CALLED THE VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM
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SPINAL NERVE
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ONE OF 31 PAIRS OF NERVES THAT ORIGINATE ON THE SPINAL CORD FROM ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR ROOTS
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SPINAL NERVES
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THE 31 PAIRS OF NERVES THAT ARISE FROM THE SPINAL CORD
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SPINOTHALAMIS TRACTS
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ASCENDING TRACTS THAT CARRY POORLY LOCALIZED TOUGH, PRESSURE, PAIN, VIBRATION, AND TEMPERATURE SENSATIONS TO THE THALAMUS
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SUBARACHNOID SPACE
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A MENINGEAL SPACE CONTAINING CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; THE AREA BETWEEN THE ARACHNOID MEMBRANE AND THE PIA MATTER
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SUBSTRATE
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A PARTICIPANT (PRODUCT OF REACTANT) IN A ENZUME-CATALYZED REACTION
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SULCUS
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A FURROW ON THE BRAIN, LESS DEEP THAN A FISSURE
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SUMMATION
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THE ACCUMULATION OF EFFECTS, ESPECIALLY THOSE OF MUSCULAR, SENSORY, OR MENTAL STIMULI
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SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
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A DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; OPPOSES PARASYMPATHETIC FUNCTIONS; CALLED THE FIGHT- OR FLIGHT DIVISION
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SYNAPSE
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THE REGION OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS
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SYNAPTIC DELAY
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THE PERIOD BETWEN THE ARRIVAL OF AN IMPULSE AT THE PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE AND THE INITIATION OF AN ACTION POTENTIAL IN THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
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SYNDROME
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A DISCRETE SET OF SYMPTOMS THAT OCCUR TOGETHER
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TECTOSPINAL TRACTS
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DESCENDING TRACTS OF THE MEDIAL PATHWAY THAT CARRY INVOLUNTARY MOTOR COMMANDS ISSUED BY THE COLLICULI
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TELODENDRIA
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TERMINAL AXONAL BRANCHES THAT END IN SYNAPTIC KNODS
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THALAMUS
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A MASS OF GRAY MATTER IN THE DIENCEPHALON OF THE BRAIN
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TRACT
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A COLLECTION OF NERVE FIBERS IN THE CNS HAVING THE SAME ORIGIN, TERMINATION, AND FUNCTION
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TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL
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THE PONTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, MEASURED ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE AND EXPRESSED IN MILLIVOLTS, THAT RESUTS FROM THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IONS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE
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UNIPOLAR NEURON
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A SENSORY NEURON WHOSE CELL BODY IS IN A DORSAL ROOT GANGLION OR A SENSORY GANGLION OF A CRANIAL NERVE
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VENTRICLES
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DISCHARGING CHAMBERS OF THE HEART; CAVITIES WITHIN THE BRAIN
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WHITE MATTER
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WHITE SUBSTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; THE MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS
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neuron
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a cell in neural tissue that is specialized for intercellular communication through changes in membrane potential and synaptic connections
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reflex
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automatic reaction to a stimulus
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nerve impulse
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a self-propagating wave of depolarization; also called an action potential
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summation
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the accumulation of effects, especially those of muscular, sensory, or mental stimuli
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plexus
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a network of interlacing nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatics
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autonomic nervous system
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the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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motor nervous system:
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carries impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs muscles and glands
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somatic nervous system:
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a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system
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acetylcholine:
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a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings
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afferent:
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carrying to or toward a center
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axon:
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neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell
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central nervous system
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the brain and the spinal cord
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conductivity
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ability to transmit an electrical impulse
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dendrites:
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the branching extension of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell
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depolarization:
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the loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane
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intersegmental reflex:
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a reflex that involves several segments of the spinal cord
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limbic system
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the group of nuclei and centers in the cerebrum and diencephalon that are involved with emotional states, memories, and behavioral drives
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membrane potential
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(transmembrane potential) the potential difference, measured across a cell membrane and expressed in millivolts that results from the uneven distribution of positive and negative ions across the cell membrane
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peripheral nervous system (PNS
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system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system
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synapse
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the region of communication between neurons
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