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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a neonate is up to
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28 days of life
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biologic tasks of the neonate
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respiration
circulatory changes temperature nutritional maintenance elimination weigh |
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transition to extrauterine life is
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6-8 hours
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the 3 phases of the transition period are
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1st period of reactivity
period of decreased responsiveness 2nd period of reactivity |
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1st period of reactivity lasts
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30 minutes to 2 hours
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1st period of reactivity heart rate and respiration of _______ are normal
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160- 180 HR
60-80 RR |
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Cyanosis up to _______ seconds is normal
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20 seconds
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period of decreased responsiveness lasts
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2-4 hours
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during period of decreased responsiveness HR and RR drop to ______
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as low as 100 HR
RR is normal between 30-60 temperature can also be low |
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2nd period of reactivity lasts
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10 minutes to several hours
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During 2nd period of reactivity the baby is
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tachycardic and tachypnic
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During 2nd period of reactivity the baby produces lots of
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mucus
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The first breath at birth has the greatest amount of
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negative pressure because it has to force fluid out of the lungs
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temperature drop from in utero to outside is about
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20 degress
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Increased CO2 in the blood tell the baby's brain to
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breath
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The three factors important for initiation of breathing are
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pressure
temperature chemical changes |
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what fetal heart structures close at birth
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ductus arteriousus
ductus venousus foramen ovale |
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pressure in the heart increases
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on the left and decreases on the right
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PDA murmur sounds like a
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machine gun
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PDA that is opened for more then _______is considered a murmur
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24-48 hours
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Methods of heat loss
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Convection
Radiation Evaporation Conduction |
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Convection is heat loss due to
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air current
ex. people walking by |
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Radiation is heat loss due to
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contact with cooler environment
ex. open window near incubator |
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Evaporation is heat loss
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that can happen during birth or anytime the infant is wet from insensible water loss
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Condustion is heat loss to
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cooler object in direct contact with baby
ex. scale |
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Baby's increase body temp by
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increasing BMR
increasing muscular activity non-shivering themogenesis (brown fat metabolism) |
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Brown fat is found in infant starting at
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26-36 weeks gestation and continue to increase till 2-5 weeks after birth
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Brown fat is rich in
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blood supply and nerve endings
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Break down of brown fat puts baby at risk for
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hypoglycemia
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a 2 degree change in room temp
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doubles baby's need for oxygen
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A baby cannot coordinate suck, swallow and breathing till
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32 weeks or birth weight below 1500 grams
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how many CCs can be held by the stomach at birth
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30-60
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First stool of the baby is called
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meconium
passed with in the first 24-48 hours |
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by fourth day of life baby should have ______ voids per day
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6-8
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urate crystals are
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often mistaken for blood
means baby is slightly dehydrated |
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vaginal bleeding in newborn female babies is
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normal, results from maternal hormones
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Acrocyanosis
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peripheral cyanosis of hands and feet found in most infant at birth
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erythema toxicum
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benign rash of unknown cause
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milia
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white cysts 1-2 mm in size
from distended sebaceous glands |
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vernix
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thick white substance that protects the skin of the fetus
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lanugo
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fine hair on the shoulders, forehead, sides of the face and upper back found on infants at birth
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Caput Succedaneum
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swelling or edema from birth
resolves in 3-4 days crosses the suture line |
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cephalohematoma
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collection of blood
does not cross the suture line |
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new born assessment
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VS
Measurements APGAR Vit K Erythromycin |
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NB temp
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97-99.5F
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NB respiration
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30-60
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NB HR
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120-160
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BP of NB
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systolic 65-95
diastolic 30-60 |
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Length of newborn
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19-21 inches
48-53 cm |
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Head circumference of newborn
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13-15 inches
33-35.5cm |
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Chest circumference
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12-13 inches
30.5-33cm |
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weight
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2500-4000grams
5.3 -8.5 lbs |
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babies can loose
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7-10% of body weight before discharge
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Term babys are
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37-42 weeks old
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Very low birth weigh is
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less then 1500g
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APGAR assesses
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heart rate
respiratory effort muscle tone reflex irritability color |
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APGAR is scored
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0-2 points
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APGAR scores of 1 for each category
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HR less then 100
Respiratory slow, weak cry Muscle tone: some flexsion Reflex irritability: grimace Color: acrocyanosis |
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Apgar score of 4-6 is
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moderate difficulty
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extrusion reflex is
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when the baby opens their mouth and sticks out tongue when you push on down on the lip
used to initiate breast feeding |
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difference between moro and startle
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moro hands are in a c shape
startle fists are clenched |
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traction reflex
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head lag
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new ballards sclae
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estimation of gestational age based on specific neuromuscular and physical markers
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Bilirubin
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pigment derived from the hemoglobin release with the breakdown of RBC and myoglobin in muscle cells
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unbound bilirubin
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bound to circulating albumin and can leave the vascular system and permeate other extra vascular tissue
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physiologic jaundice is how prevelent
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50%
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physiological jaundice is usually
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benign
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onset of physiological jaundice is within
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24 hours
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with physiological jaundice, unconjugated serum bilirubin is
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less then 12mg/dl
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intervention for physiological jaundice is
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early and frequent feedings because bilirubin is excreted in the stool
phototherapy |
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pathologic jaundice results from
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ABO disease or RH incompatibility
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pathologic jaundice onset is
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within 24 hours
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Pathologic jaundice has bilirubin levels
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higher then 13 mg/dL
increases at a rate greater then .5mg/dL/hr |
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Kernicetrus
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bilirubin encephalopathy
leads to neuro damage |
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Kernicetrus survival rate
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50% of infants
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Cold stress signs in the newborn
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crying, restlessness, icnreased activity
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cold stress can lead to
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hypoglycemia and acidosis
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signs of respiratory distress
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flaring
retraction grunting abnormal RR rate apnea greater then 20 sec |
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by 3-5 DOL newborn looses
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5-10% of birth weight
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by 14 DOL newborn will regain
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to birth weigh
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Signs of dehydration
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fewer wet diapers
sunken fontanel lethargy |
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signs of Hypoglycemia
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jittery infant
cyanosis weak high pitched cry fedding difficulty lethargy twitching seizures Blood Glucose less then 35 mg/dl |
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neontal sepsis
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infection in blood or tissue results in changes to:
respiratory CV CNS GI Integumentary |
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bottle feeding ____ oz
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up to 2oz every 3-4 hours
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breastfeeding every
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2-3 hours
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______ wakeful periods a day
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4-5
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