The Nature And Variety Of Living Organisms

Front 1

Plants

Back 1

• Multicellular
• Cells contain chloroplasts, so they can carry out photosynthesis
• Cellulose cell walls
• Store carbohydrate as starch or sucrose
• e.g:

1. Cereal [e.g. maize] (flowering plants)
2. Peas, beans (herbaceous legumes)

Front 2

Animals

Back 2

• Multicellular
• Cells do not contain chloroplasts, and they cannot carry out photosynthesis
• No cell walls
• Usually nervous co-ordination
• Can move from one place to another
• Often store carbohydrate as glycogen
• e.g.

1. Humans (mammals)
2. Housefly, mosquito (insects)

Front 3

Fungi

Back 3

• Cannot carry out photosyntheisis
• Usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-likestructures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei
• Some are single-celled
• Chitin cell walls
• Feed by extracellularsecretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products (saprotrophic nutrition)
• They may store carbohydrate as glycogen
• e.g.

1. Mucor (typical fungal hyphal structure)
2. Yeast (single-celled)

Front 4

Bacteria

Back 4

• Microscopic single-celled organisms
• Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, no nucleus (but there is a circular chromosone of DNA)
• Some can carry out photosynthesis
• Most feed off other living or dead organisms
• e.g.

1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus (rod-shaped, used in the production of milk)
2. Pneumococcus (e.g. spherical)

Front 5

Proctocists

Back 5

• Microscopic single-celled organisms
• e.g.

1. Amoeba (have features like an animal cell)
2. Chlorella (have chloroplasts, live in pondwater)
3. Plasmodium (pathogenic, responsible for causing malaria)

Front 6

Viruses

Back 6

• These are small particles, smaller than bacteria
• Parasitic
• Reproduce only inside living cells
• Infect every type of livingorganism.
• Wide variety of shapes and sizes
• No cellular structure (they do have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA)
• e.g.

1. Tobacco mosaic virus (causes discolouring of theleaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts)
2. Influenza virus (causes 'flu')
3. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus (causes AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Front 7

Pathogen

Back 7

A microbe that causes disease (fungus, proctoctist, bacterium)