The Muscular System

Front 1

Provide the major force for producing a specific movement

Back 1

Prime movers

Front 2

Oppose or reverse a particular movement

Back 2

Antagonists

Front 3

Add force to a movement, reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement

Back 3

Synergists

Front 4

Synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle's origin

Back 4

Fixators

Front 5

When naming muscles, Bone or body region associated with the muscle

Back 5

Location

Front 6

When naming muscles, what does Maximus mean?

Back 6

Largest

Front 7

When naming muscles, what does minimus mean?

Back 7

Smallest

Front 8

When naming muscles, what does longus mean?

Back 8

long

Front 9

When naming muscles, what does rectus mean?

Back 9

Fibers run straight

Front 10

When naming muscles, what does transversus and oblique mean?

Back 10

Fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined axis

Front 11

How many origins do biceps have?

Back 11

Two origins

Front 12

How many origins does triceps have?

Back 12

Three origins

Front 13

Named according to the point of origin or insertion

Back 13

Location of attachments

Front 14

When naming muscles, naming a muscles that flexes or extends, respectively.

Back 14

Action

Front 15

Fascicles arranged in concentric rings

Back 15

Circular

Front 16

Fascicles converge toward a single tendon insertion

Back 16

Convergent

Front 17

Fascicles parallel to the long axis of a straplike muscles

Back 17

Parrallel

Front 18

Spindle-shaped muscles with parallel fibers

Back 18

Fusiform

Front 19

Short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle

Back 19

Pennate

Front 20

Rigid bar that moves on a fixed point or fulcrum

Back 20

Lever

Front 21

Force applied to a lever to move a resistance

Back 21

Effort

Front 22

Resistance moved by the effort

Back 22

Load

Front 23

What is considered a first class lever system?

Back 23

Fulcrum between load and effort

Front 24

A fulcrum between a load and effort is considered what kind of class?

Back 24

First class

Front 25

What is considered a second class lever system?

Back 25

Load between fulcrum and effort

Front 26

A load between a fulcrum and effort is considered what kind of class?

Back 26

Second class

Front 27

What is considered a third class lever system?

Back 27

Effort applied between fulcrum and load

Front 28

An effort applied between fulcrum and load is considered what kind of class?

Back 28

Third class

Front 29

Grouped by function and location

Back 29

Major skeletal muscles of body

Front 30

How are the major skeletal muscles of the body grouped?

Back 30

By function and location

Front 31

Note information in the name

Back 31

Name and description

Front 32

What is usually universal about origin and insertion?

Back 32

There is usually a joint between the origin and insertion

Front 33

Insertion moves toward origin; best learned by acting out muscle movement on one's own body

Back 33

Action

Front 34

Name of major nerve that supplies the muscle

Back 34

Innervation

Front 35

What are the two groups of the muscles of the head?

Back 35

Muscles for facial expression, and mastication and tongue movement

Front 36

Insert into the skin, important in nonverbal communication

Back 36

Muscles of facial expression

Front 37

What nerve innervates all of the muscles of facial expression?

Back 37

VII, the facial nerve

Front 38

Bipartite muscles consisting of the Frontalis, Occipitalis, and Galea Aponeurotica

Back 38

Epicranius

Front 39

Another name for Epicranius

Back 39

Occipitofrontalis

Front 40

What does the Epicranius consist of?

Back 40

Frontalis, Occipitalis, and Galea Aponeurotica

Front 41

Four Muscles that are used in mastication

Back 41

Temporalis and Masseter, and Medial and Lateral pterygoids

Front 42

Which two muscles are the prime movers of jaw closure?

Back 42

Temporalis and Masseter

Front 43

What two muscles are used for grinding movements of the jaw?

Back 43

Medial and Lateral pterygoids, used for grinding movements

Front 44

The muscles of mastication and tongue movement are innervated by which cranial nerve?

Back 44

V, or the trigeminal nerve

Front 45

Muscles of facial expression group that help by holding food between the teeth

Back 45

Buccinator muscles

Front 46

How many muscles anchor and move the tongue?

Back 46

Three

Front 47

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by which cranial nerve?

Back 47

XII, or hypoglossal nerve

Front 48

Most are involved in swallowing

Back 48

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat

Front 49

Two groups of the muscles of the anterior neck and throat

Back 49

Suprahyoid, Infrayoid

Front 50

Form the floor of the oral cavity and anchor the tongue

Back 50

Suprahyoid muscles

Front 51

What does the suprahyoid muscle move?

Back 51

The hyoid bone and the larynx

Front 52

Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid and larynx as swallowing ends and during speaking

Back 52

Infrahyoid

Front 53

Two functional groups of the neck and vertebral column

Back 53

Muscles that move the head, muscles that extend the ttrunk and maintain posture