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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lymphatic system
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a series of vessels and organs that help fight disease, recover excess water from tissues, and transport fats from intestinal villi to the cardiovascular system
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lymph
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fluid within lymphatic vessels
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lymph node
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enlarged areas through which lymph is filtered, contains macrophages and lymphocytes
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pathogen
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disease causing organisms or viruses
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antigens
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molecules on the surface of cells or viruses that stimulate an immune response
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inflammatory response
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a non-specific defense causing swelling and redness
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mast cell
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cell that secretes histamines in response to tissue damage
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histamine
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chemical that causes dilation and increased permeability of capillary walls
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macrophages
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a non specific engulfing white blood cell that "eats" invaders, also acts as an antigen presenting cell (APC)
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natural killer cells
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cells that search and destroy virus-infected cells or tumor cells
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complement
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a group of plasma proteins activated by bacteria or antibodies that form attack complexes, which poke holes in an invader's cell membrane
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interferon
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substance secreted by virally-infected cells that warn neighboring cells
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antigen-presenting cell
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a macrophage that has ingested and broken-down a pathogen to small antigen fragments and has placed the antigen on receptors on the surface of its cell to show T lymphocytes (cytotoxic T and helper T)
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T lymphocyte
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an immature cell that travels from bone marrow to thymus to mature
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thymus gland
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where T cells mature, located on top of the trachea (above the heart, under the sternum)
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helper T cell
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a type of T lymphocyte that releases cytokines after an APC binds to its receptor
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cytokines
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molecules that stimulate macrophages, T cells, and B cells to divide
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cell-mediated immunity
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a specific immune response involving T cells
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cytotoxic T cell
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a lymphocyte that, when stimulated by cytokines from helper Ts and presented the antigen releases perforins
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perforins
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chemicals from cytotoxic T cells that poke holes in membrane of virally-infected cells (destroys your own cells to get rid of the virus)
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apoptosis
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cell suicide; extra cells generated to fight infection are programmed to die to maintain homeostasis (keep cell populations relatively constant)
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antibody-mediated
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aka humoral immunity, a specific immune response involving B lymphocytes
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B lymphocyte
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a cell that matures in the bone marrow (doesn't travel to the thymus) circulates in the body, carries a specific antibody that acts as its cell membrane receptor
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plasma cell
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a B cell that actively produces antibodies after being stimulated by cytokines and upon contact with the antigen
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antibody
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a protein that bind-up the invader, which helps macrophages find and remove it
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immunoglobulin
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another name for an antibody
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clonal selection
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the process by which B cells divide after being stimulated by an antigen to make plasma cells and memory cells
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immunization
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active immunity resulting from the delioberate production of memory cells from a vaccine
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vaccine
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a preparation containing harmless antigens sed to generate memory cells
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memory cells
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cells providing immunity upon second exposure to the pathogen
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passive immunity
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acquisition of pre made antibodies not forming memory B cells
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allergen
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harmless antigens (pollen animal hair) that trigger an immune response
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allergy
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an immune response to substances harmless to the body
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autoimmune disease
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when antibodies attack self-tissue, examples: myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis
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