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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lymph |
Clear, colourless fluid, similar to plasma but w a lot less protein Extracellular fluid drawn into lymphatic caps |
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Lymphatic vessels |
Composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs in the body |
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Lymphatic organs |
Defense cells that are especially con in these organs Separated from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules |
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Lymphatic capillaries |
Penetrate nearly every tissue of the body (absent from CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone and bone marrow) Closed at one end, no tight junctions, gaps are large enough to allow bacteria and cells to enter lymphatic cap |
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Lymphatic vessels |
Lymphatic capillaries- collecting vessels- 6 lymphatic trunks- 2 collecting ducts- subclavian veins |
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Lymphatic trunks drain |
Jugular, subclavian, bronchomedi astinal, intercostal, intestinal, lumbar trunks |
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Right lymphatic duct |
Receives lymph from R arm, R side of head and thorax, empties into R subclavian V |
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Thoracic duct |
Larger and longer, receives lymph from below diaphragm, L arm, L side of head, neck and thorax. Empties into L subclavian V |
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Natural killer(NK) cells |
Large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue, host cells infected w viruses or that have turned cancerous |
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T lymphocytes (T cells) |
Mature in thymus |
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B lymphocytes (B cells) |
Activation causes proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies |
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Macrophages |
Large, avidly phagocytic cells of connective tissue. Develop from monocytes Phagosize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria and other foreign matter. Process foreign matter and present antigenic frags. to T cells (antigen presenting cells=APCs) |
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Dendritic cells |
Branched, mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membranes and lymphatic organs |
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Reticular cells |
Branched stationary cells that contribute to the stroma of lymphatic organ |
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Lymphatic tissue |
Aggregations of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucous membranes and various organs |
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Diffuse lymphatic tissue |
Simplest form Lymphocytes are scattered Prevalent in body passages open to the exterior(resp, reproductive ect..) |
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Lymphatic nodules (follicles) |
Dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens Lymphnodes, tonsils, and appendix |
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Peyer patches |
Dense nodule clusters in the ileum |
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Lymphatic organs |
Have connective tissue capsule that separates lymphatic tissue from neighbouring tissues |
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Primary lymphatic organs |
Red bone marrow and thymus Site where T and B cells became able to recognize and respond to antigens |
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Secondary lymphatic organs |
Lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen Immunocompetent cells populate these tissues |
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Thymus |
Member of the endocrine, lymphatic and immune systems Houses developing lymphocytes, secretes hormones Bilobed organ located in superior mediastinum b/w sternum and aortic arch |
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Lymph nodes |
Most numerous lymphatic organs Cleanse the lymph, Act as a site for T and B cell activation Enclosed in a fibrous capsule w trabeculae that devide interior into compartments Stroma of reticular fibres+cells |
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Germinal centers (lymph nodes) |
where B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells |
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Cervical lymph nodes |
Deep and superficial group in the neck Monitor lymph coming from head and neck |
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Axillary lymph nodes |
Con. in armpit Receive lymph from upper limb and female breast |
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Thoracic lymph nodes |
In thoracic cavity, especially embedded in mediastinum Receive lymph from mediastinum, lungs and airway |
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Abdominal lymph nodes |
In posterior abdominopelvic wall Monitor lymph from the urinary and reproductive systems |
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Intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes |
Found in the mesenteries, adjacent to the appendix and intestines Monitor lymph from the digestive tract |
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Inguinal lymph nodes |
In the groin and receive lymph from the entire lower limb |
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Popietal lymph nodes |
Occur on the back on the knee Receive lymph from the leg |
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Tonsils |
Patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance of the pharyx Have deep pits= tonsillar crypts lined w lymphatic nodules |
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Spleen |
The bodys largest lymphatic organ Functions: Healthy RBCs come and go, blood cell prod in fetus, white pulp monitors bld for foreign antigens and keeps and army of monocytes for release when needed, stabilizes bld volume through plasma transfers |