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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Lymph

Clear, colourless fluid, similar to plasma but w a lot less protein


Extracellular fluid drawn into lymphatic caps

Lymphatic vessels

Composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs in the body

Lymphatic organs

Defense cells that are especially con in these organs


Separated from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules

Lymphatic capillaries

Penetrate nearly every tissue of the body (absent from CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone and bone marrow)


Closed at one end, no tight junctions, gaps are large enough to allow bacteria and cells to enter lymphatic cap

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic capillaries- collecting vessels- 6 lymphatic trunks- 2 collecting ducts- subclavian veins

Lymphatic trunks drain

Jugular, subclavian, bronchomedi astinal, intercostal, intestinal, lumbar trunks

Right lymphatic duct

Receives lymph from R arm, R side of head and thorax, empties into R subclavian V

Thoracic duct

Larger and longer, receives lymph from below diaphragm, L arm, L side of head, neck and thorax.


Empties into L subclavian V

Natural killer(NK) cells

Large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue, host cells infected w viruses or that have turned cancerous

T lymphocytes (T cells)

Mature in thymus

B lymphocytes (B cells)

Activation causes proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies

Macrophages

Large, avidly phagocytic cells of connective tissue.


Develop from monocytes


Phagosize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria and other foreign matter. Process foreign matter and present antigenic frags. to T cells (antigen presenting cells=APCs)

Dendritic cells

Branched, mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membranes and lymphatic organs

Reticular cells

Branched stationary cells that contribute to the stroma of lymphatic organ

Lymphatic tissue

Aggregations of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucous membranes and various organs

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

Simplest form


Lymphocytes are scattered


Prevalent in body passages open to the exterior(resp, reproductive ect..)

Lymphatic nodules (follicles)

Dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens


Lymphnodes, tonsils, and appendix

Peyer patches

Dense nodule clusters in the ileum

Lymphatic organs

Have connective tissue capsule that separates lymphatic tissue from neighbouring tissues

Primary lymphatic organs

Red bone marrow and thymus


Site where T and B cells became able to recognize and respond to antigens

Secondary lymphatic organs

Lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen


Immunocompetent cells populate these tissues

Thymus

Member of the endocrine, lymphatic and immune systems


Houses developing lymphocytes, secretes hormones


Bilobed organ located in superior mediastinum b/w sternum and aortic arch

Lymph nodes

Most numerous lymphatic organs


Cleanse the lymph, Act as a site for T and B cell activation


Enclosed in a fibrous capsule w trabeculae that devide interior into compartments


Stroma of reticular fibres+cells

Germinal centers (lymph nodes)

where B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells

Cervical lymph nodes

Deep and superficial group in the neck


Monitor lymph coming from head and neck

Axillary lymph nodes

Con. in armpit


Receive lymph from upper limb and female breast

Thoracic lymph nodes

In thoracic cavity, especially embedded in mediastinum


Receive lymph from mediastinum, lungs and airway

Abdominal lymph nodes

In posterior abdominopelvic wall


Monitor lymph from the urinary and reproductive systems

Intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes

Found in the mesenteries, adjacent to the appendix and intestines


Monitor lymph from the digestive tract

Inguinal lymph nodes

In the groin and receive lymph from the entire lower limb

Popietal lymph nodes

Occur on the back on the knee


Receive lymph from the leg

Tonsils

Patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance of the pharyx


Have deep pits= tonsillar crypts lined w lymphatic nodules

Spleen

The bodys largest lymphatic organ


Functions: Healthy RBCs come and go, blood cell prod in fetus, white pulp monitors bld for foreign antigens and keeps and army of monocytes for release when needed, stabilizes bld volume through plasma transfers